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Classification of Organism
Classification of Organism
Organisms
History of Taxonomy
Early System of Classification
accurately.
Names were long and hard to remember.
Modern System:Hierarchy
Seven Levels of Organization
Carolus Linnaeus (mid-1700’)s
was a Swedish biologist who
established a simple system
for classifying and naming
organisms.
He developed a Hierarchy (a
ranking system) for classifying
organisms that is the Basis for
Modern Taxonomy.
For this reason, he is
considered to be “father” of
modern taxonomy.
Modern System a Nested Hierarchy-
Seven Levels of Organization
Linnaeus used an organisms morphology
(form and structure), to categorize it.
His system is still being used today.
His system allowed organisms to be grouped
with similar organisms.
He first divided all organisms into two
Kingdoms, Plantae (Plants) AND Animalia
(animals).
This was the same as Aristotle’s main
categories.
Modern System a Nested Hierarchy-
Seven Levels of Organization
Modern System:
Each kingdom (plant and animal) was divided into a
phylum* (division for plants)
Each phylum into a smaller groups called class.
Each class was divided into an order.
Each order was divided into family (families).
Each family was divided into a genus (plural-
genera)
Each genus was divided into a species. (scientific
name)
*Note: Phyla and family were not in Linnaeus’s classification system but were
added by modern scientists.
Levels of Classification
Remember: King Philip Came Over For
Grandma’s Soup.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
See Table 18-1 on page 338 :Classification Hierarchy of Organisms
Classification Hierarchy
of Organisms
Classification of Modern
Humans
Classification of cheetah
Modern Taxonomists
Taxonomists split species into subsets called
varieties.
Zoologists refer to variations of a species that
occur in different geographic areas called
subspecies.
To classify organisms, modern taxonomist
consider the phylogeny (evolutionary history)
of the organism.
Additional Levels of
Organization
Botanist sometimes
split species into
subsets known as
VARIETIES.
Peaches and
nectarines are a
different variety of
the peach tree,
Prunus persica
peach
Binomial Nomenclature
Names were based on Latin or Ancient Greek words -
scientist everywhere understood these languages.
The FIRST word of the Scientific Name (Species Name)
is the name of the genus to which the organism
belongs.
The Genus name refers to the relatively small group
mushroom
KINGDOM PLANTAE
Plants are eukaryotic, multicellular
and carry out photosynthesis. They
are autotrophs.
The cells of plants have cell walls,
that contain the polysaccharide
cellulose.
Plant cells are specialized for
Flowering plant (Poinsettia)
different functions, such as
photosynthesis, the transport of
materials, and support.
Kingdom Plantae includes mosses,
ferns, cone-bearing plants
(gymnosperms), and flowering
plants (angiosperms).
fern
KINGDOM ANIMALIA
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic,
and heterotrophic.
Animal cells have NO CELL WALLS.
Most members of the Animal
Kingdom can move from place to
place.
Some are permanently attached to elephant
surfaces such as sponges and
barnacles.
Fish, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, and
mammals-including humans belong to
the Kingdom Animalia.
This Kingdom also includes sponges,
jellyfish, worms, sea stars, and
insects.
jellyfish
Three Domain System