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  • Surface Runoff Harvesting

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    Rohan Gilani
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    Surface runoff water harvesting is the collection, accumulation, treatment and storage of stormwater runoff from surfaces like roads, parks and fields for later reuse. It involves infiltration of water into soil, surface runoff across the soil when infiltration is exceeded, and interflow - relatively rapid subsurface flow to streams within 72 hours. The components that contribute to surface runoff harvesting are direct rainfall over streams, surface runoff and overland flow when rainfall intensity exceeds infiltration, subsurface interflow through upper soil layers, and baseflow from percolated groundwater that sustains streams during dry periods.

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    Surface runoff water harvesting is the collection, accumulation, treatment and storage of stormwater runoff from surfaces like roads, parks and fields for later reuse. It involves infiltration of water into soil, surface runoff across the soil when infiltration is exceeded, and interflow - relatively rapid subsurface flow to streams within 72 hours. The components that contribute to surface runoff harvesting are direct rainfall over streams, surface runoff and overland flow when rainfall intensity exceeds infiltration, subsurface interflow through upper soil layers, and baseflow from percolated groundwater that sustains streams during dry periods.

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    368 views3 pages

    Surface Runoff Harvesting

    Uploaded by

    Rohan Gilani
    Surface runoff water harvesting is the collection, accumulation, treatment and storage of stormwater runoff from surfaces like roads, parks and fields for later reuse. It involves infiltration of water into soil, surface runoff across the soil when infiltration is exceeded, and interflow - relatively rapid subsurface flow to streams within 72 hours. The components that contribute to surface runoff harvesting are direct rainfall over streams, surface runoff and overland flow when rainfall intensity exceeds infiltration, subsurface interflow through upper soil layers, and baseflow from percolated groundwater that sustains streams during dry periods.

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    SURFACE RUNOFF

    HARVESTING
    Surface runoff water harvesting is the collection,
    accumulation, treatment or purification, and storing of
    stormwater for its eventual reuse. It can also include other
    catchment areas from manmade surfaces, such as roads,
    or other urban environments such as parks, gardens and
    playing fields.
    PROCESS OF SURFACE RUNOFF HARVESTING
     Baseflow, or base runoff: It is the long-term supply of water that keeps at least some water in the stream even during extended dry
    periods. Baseflow comes from water that percolated down into deep storage.
     Infiltration: It is the downward movement of water through the soil surface. While it is often used interchangeably
    with percolation, percolation actually refers to movement of water within soil, and infiltration specifically refers just to the process
    of water entering a soil surface.
     Surface runoff: It is the movement of water across the soil surface toward the stream channel.
     Interflow: It is the relatively rapid movement of water below the soil surface toward the stream channel, typically within 72 hours
    of when water infiltrates the surface. This process is more likely in areas with deep soil.
     Runoff, sometimes called quick response runoff: Can refer to surface runoff only, but sometimes it is the combination of surface
    runoff plus interflow. Thus, it typically represents the movement of water to the stream channel that is not part of baseflow.
    COMPONENTS OF SURFACE RUNOFF
    HARVESTING
     Direct rainfall over the stream: It is a very small portion of the precipitation because open water channels do not occupy much of
    catchment area.
     Surface runoff or overland flow: When the intensity of rainfall is higher than the infiltration rate, then after infiltration the excess
    water will flow over the land surface to the channel and is called surface runoff. The quantity of water moving towards the stream
    is called overland flow. The surface runoff becomes streamflow for the nearest channels. It is almost accompanied by erosion of the
    soil.
     Subsurface flow or interflow: Some of the water which infiltrates the soil surface may move laterally through the upper soil layers
    until it enters a stream and is called subsurface or interflow. It reaches the stream later and its basin (watershed).
     Base flow, groundwater flow or Dry weather flow: Some of the rainwater percolates downward under gravity through the soil and
    merges into the water table and if the water table intersects the stream channels and water appears in streams, it is called base flow,
    groundwater flow or dry water flow. It does not contribute to streamflow surge but rather sustains the base flow of streams at times
    of no precipitation.

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