Immuniz Ation: Elaine Frances M. Illo, R.M., R.N
Immuniz Ation: Elaine Frances M. Illo, R.M., R.N
ATION
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
VACCINATION AEFI
– any untoward medical occurrence
– the administration of a
that follows immunization and does
vaccine; if vaccination is
not necessarily have a causal
successful, it results in relationship with the usage of the
immunity vaccine.
WHAT IS IMMUNIZATION
CDC:
Immunization is a process by which a
person becomes protected against a disease
through vaccination.
WHO:
Immunization is the process wherein a
person is made immune or resistant to an
infectious disease, typically by the
administration of a vaccine.
WHAT IS VACCINATION
CDC:
Vaccination is the act of
introducinga vaccine into the body to
produce immunity to a specific disease.
WHO:
Vaccination employs vaccines to stimulate
the body’s own immune system to protect a
person against subsequent infection or
disease.
LEGAL BASIS
PRESIDENTIAL REPUBLIC ACT
DECREE 996 No. 10152
Providing for compulsory “Mandatory Infants and Children
basic immunization for Health Immunization Act of 2011.
infants and children In which it requires that all
below 8 years old children under five years old be
given basic immunization against
vaccine-preventable diseases.
VACCINE
Vaccination (Latin; Vacca-Cow)
Edward Jenner used the term
Vaccination.
Vaccine is a immune-biological
substance designed to produce
specific protection against a given
disease.
ACTIVE VS PASSIVE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
• Killed or live attenuated
• Transfer of antibodies
organism injected which can • Short Term
induce immune response • No role of immune
• Long Term
system
• Immune system plays role
• Ex: TT, Serum, Anti-
• Ex: Hepa B Vaccine, DPT,
Rabies, Immunoglobulin
IPV, MMR combined
Vaccine
TYPE OF VACCINE
1. Live vaccine
2. Inactivated or killed vaccine
3. Combination
4. Subunit Vaccines
• Toxoids
• Protein vaccine
• RECOMBINANT protein vaccine
• Polysaccharide-based vaccines
• Conjugated vaccine
LIVE VACCINE
Antigen in vaccine is live but
attenuated. Since antigen are
live, they multiply in body after
administration so stimulus is
more. Generally given in single
dose.
E.g.: BCG, OPV, MMR,
YELLOW FEVER
KILLED VACCINE
Organism are
inactivated or killed by
heat or chemical. They
are given by multiple
doses. Immunity last
shorter than live
vaccine.
E.g., JE Vaccine, Antirabies Vaccine, Influenza Killed
Vaccine
TOXOID
They are modified toxins.
Toxins are detoxicated. They
are required in multiple doses.
E.g.,
1. tetanus toxoid,
2. diphtheria toxoid
MAJOR CONSTITUENTS OF VACCINE
ACTIVE IMMUNIZING
SUSPENDING FLUID
ANTIGENS
Live virus, killed bacteria, Sterile water, saline or
toxoids tissue culture fluid
PRESERVATIVES,
STABILIZERS & ADJUVANTS
ANTIBIOTICS
Thiomersal, Neomycin,
Kanamycin
THE EXPANDED
PROGRAM ON
IMMUNIZATION
EPI is a world Health Organization Program with the goal to make
vaccines available to all children throughout the world “Expanded”
means:
• Expanding the number of diseases to be covered
• Expanding the number of children and target population to be
covered
• Expanding coverage to all corners of the country and spreading
services to reach the less privileged sectors of the society
TB
Diarrhea Polio
Influenza Measles
DISEASES
COVERED
Pneumoc BY EPI
occal Diphtheria
Meningitis
Hepatitis
Pertussis
B
Tetanus
Women who are of
Other children who child bearing age (15-
have not fully 49 years) but not
immunized immunized against
tetanus
B • Schedule: At or as soon as
possible after birth
C
• Contraindications:
G Symptomatic HIV Infection
• Adverse Reactions: Local
abscess, regional
lymphadenitis
• Special Precautions: Correct ID
administration is essential. Special
syringe is used
• Dosage: 0.05 ml
• Injection Type: IM
• Storage: Between 2⁰C - 8⁰C.
Never freeze.
ORAL POLIO VACCINE
• Type of Vaccine: Live
attenuated OPV
• Number of doses: 3 doses
• Sched: 6, 10, 14 wks of age
• Contraindications: None
• Adverse Reactions: VAPP; very
rarely (2-4/million vaccinated)
• Special Prec: Children with rare
congenital immune deficiency
syndrome must receive IPV
• Dosage: 2 drops
• Storage: Between -15 ⁰ C to -25 ⁰ C
PENTAVALENT
(DPT-HepB-
VACCINE
• TypeHib)
of Vaccine:
Pentavalent Vaccine
• Number of doses: 3
doses
• Schedule: 6, 10, 14
wks of age
• Booster: None
• Contraindications: Do not use as a
birth dose
• Adverse Reactions: Mild Local and
systemic reactions are common
• Dosage: 0.5 ml
• Injection Site: Outer mid-thigh
P • Dosage: 0.1 ml
and 14th weeks.
• Sharps container
• If most of an oral rotavirus vaccine dose has been spat out or vomited
within minutes of administration, a single repeat dose can be
administered during the same visit.
• If an infant regurgitates or vomits only a small part of a vaccine dose, it
is not necessary to repeat the dose.
POST - VACCINATION
• Dispose of clinical and sharps
waste, including vaccine vials
• The live oral Rotavirus vaccine
squeezable plastic container
should also be discarded in
clinical waste or sharps
container
• Cover the injection site quickly with cotton
wool and tape as needed
• Gently apply pressure for 1-2 minutes (do
not rub the injection site, as may lead to
local irritation)