HUMAN

PERFORMANCE
LIMITATION
TEST GUIDE
By Dale Crane
Question:
It directly causes or contributes to many aviation
accidents.
Choices:
A. Human factors
B. Human errors
C. Negligence
Answer: A
Human factors directly cause or contribute to many
aviation accidents. It is universally agreed that 80
percent of maintenance errors involve human factors. If
they are not detected, they can cause events, worker
injuries, wasted time, and even accidents.
Question:
A type of error where are installed incorrectly, missing
parts, and necessary checks not being performed.
Choices:
A. Lack of management
B. Maintenance errors
C. Discrepancy errors
Answer: B
�Maintenance errors in comparison to many other
threats to aviation safety, the mistakes of an aviation
maintenance technician (AMT) can be more difficult to
detect. Often times, these mistakes are present but not
visible and have the potential to remain latent, affecting
the safe operation of aircraft for longer periods of time.
Question:
This kind of factor heavily relies on the maintenance of
the all aircraft for safety and airworthiness.
Choices:
A. Safety inspection
B. Aviation safety
C. Surprise aircraft inspection
Answer: B
Aviation safety relies heavily on maintenance. When it is not
done correctly, it contributes to a significant proportion of
aviation accidents and incidents.
Question:
This kind of aviation personnel are often confronted
with a set of human factors unique in the aviation
industry.
Choices:
A. Airline Pilots
B. Flight cabin crews
C. Aviation maintenance technicians
Answer: C
Aviation maintenance technicians are confronted with a
set of human factors unique within aviation. Often
times, they are working in the evening or early morning
hours, in confined spaces, on platforms that are up
high, and in a variety of adverse temperature/humidity
conditions.
Question:
This can lead to improved quality, an environment that
ensures continuing worker and aircraft safety, and a
more involved and responsible work force.
Choices:
A. Human factors awareness
B. Crew resource management
C. Personnel teamwork
Answer: A
Human factors awareness can lead to improved quality,
an environment that ensures continuing worker and
aircraft safety, and a more involved and responsible
work force. More specifically, the reduction of even
minor errors can provide measurable benefits including
cost reductions, fewer missed deadlines, reduction in
work related injuries, reduction of warranty claims, and
reduction in more significant events that can be traced
back to maintenance error.
Question:
These are multidisciplinary fields incorporating
contributions from psychology, engineering, industrial
design, statistics, operations research, and
anthropometry.
Choices:
A. Industrial engineering

B. Human factors science or technologies

C. Aviation technologies
Answer: B
Human factors science or technologies is a term that
covers the science of understanding the properties of
human capability, the application of this understanding
to the design, development, and deployment of systems
and services, and the art of ensuring successful
application of human factor principles into the
maintenance working environment.
Question:
It assures that a life-critical system behaves as needed
even when the component fails.
Choices:
A. Clinical psychology
B. Cognitive science
C. Safety engineering
Answer: C
Safety engineering assures that a life-critical system
behaves as needed even when the component fails.
Ideally, safety engineers take an early design of a
system, analyze it to find what faults can occur, and
then propose safety requirements in design
specifications up front and changes to existing systems
to make the system safer.
Question:
It is the organized approach to the study of work.
Choices:
A. Safety engineering
B. Human analysis
C. Industrial engineering
Answer: C
Industrial engineering is the organized approach to the
study of work. It is important for supervisors to set
reasonable work standards that can be met and
exceeded. Unrealistic work standards create
unnecessary stressors that cause mistakes.
Question:
It focuses on the people who perform the work and
address physical, physiological, psychological, and
psychosocial factors.
Choices:
A. Intensive maintenance training programs
B. Aviation maintenance human factors programs
C. Advance aircraft maintenance programs
Answer: B
Aviation maintenance human factors programs focus
on individuals, their physical capabilities, and the
factors that affect them. It also should consider their
mental state, cognitive capacity, and conditions that
may affect their interaction with others.
Question:
It is the standard human factors approach to identify
the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to
perform each task in a given job.
Choices:
A. Job task analysis

B. Organizational analysis

C. Resource analysis
Answer: A
Job task analysis helps identify what instructions, tools,
and other resources are necessary. Adherence to the
JTA helps ensure each worker is properly trained and
each workplace has the necessary equipment and other
resources to perform the job.
Question:
It is defined as a human action with unintended
consequences.
Choices:
A. Human negligence
B. Technical error
C. Human error
Answer: C
Human error is defined as a human action with
unintended consequences. There is nothing inherently
wrong or troublesome with error itself, but when you
couple error with aviation maintenance and the
negative consequences that it produces, it becomes
extremely troublesome.
Question:
This kind of error is considered a violation or was done
knowingly the horrible consequences that could
possibly happen.
Choices:
A. Intentional error
B. the dirty error
C. latent error
Answer: A
Intentional error in aviation maintenance should really
be considered a violation. If someone knowingly or
intentionally chooses to do something wrong, it is a
violation, which means that one has deviated from safe
practices, procedures, standards, or regulations.
Question:
This is a key human factor that can result in
suboptimal, incorrect, or faulty maintenance.
Choices:
A. Lack of communication
B. Lack of resource training
C. Flight crew incompetence
Answer: A
Lack of communication is a key human factor that can
result in suboptimal, incorrect, or faulty maintenance.
Communication occurs between the AMT and many
people (i.e., management, pilots, parts suppliers,
aircraft servicers). Each exchange holds the potential
for misunderstanding or omission. But communication
between AMTs may be the most important of all.
Question:
It is a human factor in aviation maintenance that
typically develops over time.
Choices:
A. Aviation intelligence
B. Complacency
C. Personnel experience
Answer: B
Complacency is a human factor in aviation
maintenance that typically develops over time. As a
technician gains knowledge and experience, a sense of
self satisfaction and false confidence may occur.
Question:
This is a problem where personnel cannot perfectly
perform some assigned tasks and functions if he or she
is not properly trained.
Choices:
A. Lack of competence
B. Lack of adequate training
C. Lack of knowledge
Answer: C
Lack of knowledge when performing aircraft
maintenance can result in a faulty repair that can have
catastrophic results. Differences in technology from
aircraft to aircraft and updates to technology and
procedures on a single aircraft also make it challenging
to have the knowledge required to perform airworthy
maintenance.
Question:
This always happen while aviation personnel working
on the aircraft causes disruption of the procedure.
Choices:
A. Distraction
B. Disruption
C. Vices
Answer: A
Distraction while performing maintenance on an aircraft may
disrupt the procedure. When work resumes, it is possible that
the technician skips over a detail that needs attention. It is
estimated that 15 percent of maintenance related errors are
caused by distractions.
Question:
This is closely related to lack of communication, and is
required in aviation maintenance in many instances.
Choices:
A. Lack of coordination
B. Lack of teamwork
C. Lack of assertiveness
Answer: B
Lack of teamwork may also contribute to errors in
aircraft maintenance. Sharing of knowledge between
technicians, coordinating maintenance functions,
turning work over from shift to shift, and working with
flight personnel to troubleshoot and test aircraft are all
are executed better in an atmosphere of teamwork.
Question:
It is a major human factor that has contributed to many
maintenance errors resulting in accidents.
Choices:
A. Pressure
B. Norms
C. Fatigue
Answer: C
Fatigue is a major human factor that has contributed to
many maintenance errors resulting in accidents.
Fatigue can be mental or physical in nature. Emotional
fatigue also exists and effects mental and physical
performance. A person is said to be fatigued when a
reduction or impairment in any of the following occurs:
cognitive ability, decision-making, reaction time,
coordination, speed, strength, and balance. Fatigue
reduces alertness and often reduces a person’s ability to
focus and hold attention on the task being performed.
Question:
It can interfere with one’s ability to complete a task
because there is a lack of supply and support.
Choices:
A. Stress
B. Lack of resource
C. Distraction
Answer: B
lack of resources can interfere with one’s ability to
complete a task because there is a lack of supply and
support. Low quality products also affect one’s ability
to complete a task. Aviation maintenance demands
proper tools and parts to maintain a fleet of aircraft.
Any lack of resources to safely carry out a maintenance
task can cause both non-fatal and fatal accidents.
Question:
This working discipline can lead to a better or faster
work without mistakes but can also lead to tremendous
consequences.
Choices:
A. Pressure
B. Compulsion
C. Cutting of time
Answer: A
Pressure in aviation maintenance tasks require
individuals to perform in an environment with constant
pressure to do things better and faster without making
mistakes and letting things fall through the cracks.
Question:
It is the ability to express your feelings, opinions,
beliefs, and needs in a positive, productive manner and
should not be confused with being aggressive.
Choices:
A. Norms

B. Lack of adequate training

C. Lack of assertiveness
Answer: C
Lack of assertiveness is failing to alert others when
something does not seem right, can result in many fatal
accidents. Do not let something that you know is wrong
continue by ignoring that it is there. It is important for
AMTs to be assertive when it pertains to aviation repair
rather than choosing or not being allowed to voice their
concerns and opinions. The direct result of not being
assertive could ultimately cost people their lives.
Question:
It is defined as a failure to recognize all the
consequences of an action or lack of foresight.
Choices:
A. Lack of awareness
B. Lack of perception
C. Lack of communication
Answer: A
Lack of awareness in aviation maintenance, it is not
unusual to perform the same maintenance tasks
repeatedly.
After completing the same task multiple times, it is
easy for technicians to become less vigilant and
develop a lack of awareness for what they are doing
and what is around them.
Question:
These are usually developed to solve problems that
have ambiguous solutions.
Choices:
A. Psychological guidance

B. Norms

C. Probability
Answer: B
Norms is short for “normal,” or the way things are
normally done. They are unwritten rules that are
followed or tolerated by most organizations. Negative
norms can detract from the established safety standard
and cause an accident to occur. Norms are usually
developed to solve problems that have ambiguous
solutions.
Question:
It is an unintentional wandering or deviation from
accuracy.
Choices:
A. Active error
B. Latent error
C. Unintentional error
Answer: C
Unintentional error this can include an error in your
action (a slip), opinion, or judgment caused by poor
reasoning, carelessness, or insufficient knowledge (a
mistake).
Question:
It includes ranges of temperature, humidity, lighting,
noise control, cleanliness, and workplace design.
Choices:
A. Physical environment

B. Environmental science

C. Working environment
Answer: A
Physical environment includes ranges of temperature,
humidity, lighting, noise control, cleanliness, and
workplace design. Companies must acknowledge these
conditions and cooperate with the workforce to either
accommodate or change the physical environment. It
takes a corporate commitment to address the physical
environment.
Question:

It includes the study of a variety of basic behavioral

B. Experimental psychology

C. Anthropometrics
Answer: B
Experimental psychology includes the study of a variety of
basic behavioral processes, often in a laboratory environment.
These processes may include learning, sensation, perception,
human performance, motivation, memory, language, thinking,
and communication, as well as the physiological processes
underlying behaviors, such as eating, reading, and problem
solving. In an effort to test the efficiency of work policies and
procedures, experimental studies help measure performance,
productivity, and deficiencies.