PHIL HISTORY

PHILIPPINE
-is an archipelago consisting of 7, 000 islands and islets stretching a
thousand miles from north and south
-The land surface is 114,830 square statute miles and is criss-crossed
with mountains and drained by small river systems.
 THE PEOPLE
-The Filipino belongs to a mixture of races although he is a Malay.
-There is a blending of the East and West

MESTIZO- the inter-marriage of the Filipino and the foreigner

 COMMON TRAITS
HOSPITALITY- is the most common trait for FILIPINO
FILIPINO makes you feel honored by your invasion of his privacy at an unholy
hour of the day or night.
According to Rizal records “Indios whose hospitality they savored and
abused.”
CLOSE FAMILY TIES-The family has been the unit of society and everything
revolves around it. The father is the head of the family while the mother reigns
in home. She is the educator, financial officer, laundrywoman and the cook.
RESPECT FOR THE ELDERS- The Filipino parents exercise almost absolute
powers over the children. Use of po and opo
FATALISTIC-No amount of expostulation on the virtues of science or logic can
dislodge him from his idea of fatalism. “Bahala na” a phrase that defies the
translation of come what may.
INDOLENCE is lack of initiative-This trait is explained by a natural fear of
competition for FILIPINOS society is cooperative not competitive.

Majority of the Filipino students has to be hammered and whipped into

line in order to make him work hard. He will not on his own initiatives
read more than what the professor assigns.
 BEFORE THE CONQUEST
On the early 1970s, it had been assumed that the Philippines was a part of mainland
China.

In February 1976 this theory of the land bridges to Asia was disputed by German
scientist DR.FRITJOF VOSS, who studied the geology of the Philippines.
According to him, the Philppines was never a part of China.
TABON CAVE DISCOVERY-In 1962 a skull cap was found presumed to be those of a
human being shows conclusively that man earlier came earlier to the Philippines than
the Malay to the Peninsula
INTRODUCTION TO ISLAM
The spread of Islam to Old Malaysia was brought about by activities of
the Arab Traders, missionaries and teachers who introduced their
religious beliefs among Malays. The foundation of Islam came on the 14th
century.
In 1389 it preceded to SULU and preached the doctrines of Mohammed.
The religious activities were followed by Abu Bakr who about 1450 left
Sulu.Abu Bakr exercise his powers as sultan and established a
government patterned after the Sultanate of Arabia Islam spread rapidly
to all parts of Sulu.
SERIF KABUNGSUAN- immediately laying the foundation of Islam and
converted so many tribes to his religion who made him the first sultan of
MINDANAO.
RELATIONS WITH CHINA
• Philippines had some commercial relation with China. Trade relation
started in 9th century.
• Sund Dynasty when the goods began to flow in a continuous stream
into the Philippines.
• Indo-china trades their porcelain products with the Philippines wares.
• CHINESE regained controlled of the Philippine trade when the Ming
emperor, Yung Lao came to the throne of China.
• 15TH CENTURY when the Islam began to spread to the southern
Philippines. Later Chinese traders were allowed to trade under the
sway of ISLAM.
 CODE OF KALANTIAW
• There were laws or orders promulgated by the ranking chieftains for any community with the help of the elders.
• IN 1433 the third chief of Panay, Datu Kalantiyaw issued orders for the guidance of the people. THE CODE OF
KALANTIAW
• ----pdf files uploaded---
 INFLUENCES OF CHINESE
Chinese who came to the islands were economic men whose interest lay in
profits rather than political domination. The Chinese never had any political
designs on the Philippines.
Examples:
Ampaw Use of umbrellas
Achi –Ate Porcelain
Lun-pia-lumpia Manufacturing of gun powder
Mami-mami Ancient customs of arrange marriage
Miki-miki Wearing of white shirts when mourning
Misua-miswa
Pan-sit-pansit
EARLY CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES
CLOTHES- Upper kanggan and bahag for male and saya for women
Male has putong/head gear

ORNAMENTS-pendants,bracelets,gold rings,earrings and even leglets.

The tattoo was a form of ornament to enhance the beauty of the man and
woman.
Tattoes for men are war medals.

HOUSES-made of wood,bamboo, and nipa palm.

SOCIAL CLASSES
• NOBLES-consisting of the chiefs and their families wielded
tremendous influence in the barangay (LAKAN/GAT)
• FREEMAN/MAHARLIKA-freemen who had earned their freedom
• ALIPIN-lowest status acquired by inheritance, captivity in war, failing
to pay his debts or by committing a crime which he was sentence
• -NAMAMAHAY-had their own family and house and served his
masters during planting and harvest season,help in the construction
of his house,and served his visitors.
• -SAGIGILID-no property of his own,lived with the master and cannot
marry without the latter’s consent.
POSITION OF WOMEN
Enjoy a unique position in the society.
Customary laws gave them the right to be equal with men for they
could own and inherit property, engage in trade, and industry. They had
exclusive right to give names to their children.
With great respect to women, the men when accompanying a woman
walked behind them.
MARRIAGE CUSTOMS
• Man serve the girl’s parents for months and even years
• He was not allowed to talk to his fair lady only their eyes met
occasionally to exchange mute messages of love.
• Giving of DOWRY-BIGAY KAYA consisting of land,gold or dependents.
• Next the giving of PANGHIMUYAT-as payment for mother’s nocturnal
efforts in rearing the girl to womanhood.
• All arrangements should be done by parents.
• Final arrangement of courtship called -PAMAMALAE
GOVERNMENT
• The Barangay “balangay” was the unit of government and consists
from 30-100 families.
• Each barangay was ruled by chieftain
• No central government to promote their welfare and interests
• They paid BUWIS to the chieftains in the form of crops.
• The chieftain acts as executive, legislator and judge of the barangay
• Treaty of alliance is done by blood compact “sangduguan” blood
brothers
 LAWS
• Customary and Written
Customary handed from generation to generation
Written-There are very few the CODE OF KALANTIAW and Muslim laws
because many of them were destroyed by Spanish missionaries and
many more destroyed by the elements.
-How laws are made?
-Is there a judicial process?
-Speedy trial?
-How about witnesses?
TRIALS BY ORDEAL
1.Place a stone in a vessel of boiling water and compelling them to dip
their hands into the vessel to take out the stone.
2.Giving lighted candles to the suspects, the man whose candle died
out first was regarded as the guilty party.
3.Suspects to plunge into the river with lances. He who came to the
surface first was considered guilty.
4.To chew uncooked rice. Each of them spat saliva and the one whose
saliva came out the thickest adjudged the culprit.
5.Combat
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
• The immortality of the soul and in life after death
• Bathalang Maykapal- God who create the Earth
• Deithies:
• Agriculture
• Death
• Rainbow
• War
• Fire
• Harvest
• Filipinos adored the sun and the moon
• Animals
• Birds
• Blue bird “tigmamanukin”
• Old trees where not fit for firewood “divne”
• Relationship of man and the object
• CULT OF THE DEAD-Keeping alive the memories of the dead relatives
by carving to stone,gold or ivory.
• Worship of Anitos-for safe navigation,good catch, for good
harvest,good fortune
• Sacrificial ceremony
BURIAL
• The deceased relatives was put in a wooden coffin and buried under
the house, complete with cloth, gold and other valuable things.
• Depth of mourning relatives hired professional mourners to chant for
the benefit of the dead.
• They wore rattan bands around their arms,legs and necks.
• Relatives abstain from eating meat and drinking wine.

PASIYAM-9th night staging a play in honor of the dead.

 MAGIC CHARMS
• Howling of the dog at the middle of the night-someone will die
• Sneezing is considered as a bad omen
• Crossing of birds means fortune
• PANGATAUHAN-who allegedly endowed with extraordinary powers to
tell the fortune of anybody who cared to knowbeforehand
• ASWANG change from man to pig,pig to dog
• MANGKUKULAM-endure any man by means of pricking an image of a
man
• TIYANAK-took pleasure of sucking the blood of babies
• TIKBALANG-can change to any form
• Possessing of AMULETS/CHARMS:
• Ensured them against danger
• ANTING ANTING/AGIMAT-insured a man against weapons of every
kind
• GAYUMA-made a man lovable to all ladies
ECONOMIC LIFE
• Use of barter system
• Agriculture was the main source of livelihood.
• Use of irrigation for productivity
• TUBA –as liquor
• Poultry
• Mining
• Fishing
• Weaving
-FILIPINOS are honest in their commercial transactions
SYLLABARY
• The syllabary consisted of Sanskrit or Arabic provenance.
• 17 symbols

The ancient wrote on the bark of the trees, on leaves and bamboo
tubes using their knives daggers colored sap of trees as inks
SPANISH PERIOD
• UNDER IMPERIAL SPAIN- RENAISSANCE PERIOD
The opening of the world to European shipping. Propelled by
GOSPEL-GOLD-GLORY. Spain and Portugal(superpowerful) to discover
the rest of the world
EAST MEETS WESTS – Triggered the search for spices of all sorts.
-gold,silver,slaves,silk brought men to great wealth.
PORTUGAL-was the first country to use innovation in seamanship and
boatbuilding with the establishment of HENRY THE NAVIGATOR the first
navigational school in globe in 1419.
MAGELLAN EXPEDITION
• Ferdinand Magellan a Portuguese serving the Spanish royalty
• RUY Faleiro a brilliant cosmographer who egged him to serve Spain by saying
he could find shorter way to MALUKU(spice islands)
• Royal instruction to sail directly to spice island and bring the spices.
• Started the greatest of all epics of human discovery when he sailed from
San.Lucar Spain in 1519 on board a five antiquated ships with a crew of 235
men.He sailed for 98 days across the vast Pacific Ocean.
• March 17,1521-He reached the Philippines
• April 1521-He was defeated and killed in battle as a consequence of his
intervention between Lapu-lapu and Zula the chieftains of Mactan.
• The ship named VICTORIA completed the voyage back to SPAIN in 1522
arriving in Seville led by JUAN SEBASTIAN DEL CANO proven on the
expedition that the Earth was round
VILLALOBOS EXPEDITION
• RUY LOPEZ VILLALOBOS –six ships of some 370 men from Mexico in
November 1542. Early 1542 they reached the eastern coast of Mindanao
the first time in Philippine soil.
• Forced to leaved Saranggani and went to Maluku he succumbed to a
malignant fever
LEGAZPI EXPEDITION
• 22 years after Villalobos set sail from the port of Juan Gallego, four vessels at
about 350 men sailed in the Philippines in 1564.
• By February 1565 Legazpi reached CEBU and contracted blood compacts with
SI KATUNAWAN and SI GALA at Bohol.
• Villa de San Miguel changed to Ciudad del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus after
the discovered Santo Nino of Cebu.-the first Spanish town established in the
Archipelago.
• URDANETA PASSAGE-This unique sea lane was subsequently used by the
Manila-Acapulco galleons until the 19th century.
• Almost bloodless conquest to the Philippines.Later indios lost for freedom
they earlier enjoyed.
POLITICAL INSTITUTION
• 1565-1821 Philippines was a captaincy-general administered by the
Spanish KING through the viceroyalty of Mexico.
• All Spanish possessions were governed by Royal and Supreme Council of
the Indies established by Charles V IN 1524. It was next to the King
paramount lawmaker and administrator over seeing the colonies of the
Spanish empire guided by MINISTRIES OF COLONIES by May 1863.
THE NATIONAL-Intramuros Manila the King through spokesman and
representatives in the Philippines.
Gobernador-general-commander in chief of army and navy
Also the president of the (REAL AUDIENCIA) Supreme Court
The power to ecclesiastical appointments in the church
Salary of 40,000 pesos
PROVINCIAL LEVEL
• Alcalde mayor(provincial governor)
- He exercise both executive and judicial powers
- Privilege to engaging in trade
Only an Spaniard could be an alcalde mayor, He exercised multiple
prerogatives as judge, inspector, chief of police, tribute collector, and
captain general of the province.
RESIDENCIA & VISITA
• RESIDENCIA- Judicial review of a judge conducted at the end of his
term of office supervised publicly by a juez de residencia.
• If found guilty of public misconduct were either heavy fines,
imprisonment or sequestration of properties.

VISITA-conducted by visitor-general from Spain and might occur any

time within the official term. To ensure faithful and efficient service on
the part of the government authorities.
FILIPINOS BUREACRATS
• MUNICIPAL LEVEL- Gobernadorcillo(later replaced by capitan
municipal in 1894) headed the pueblo or munisipio. Highest position
can a Filipino could attain.
• Qualification: 25 years literate in oral and written Spanish
• Barrio administrator
• Salary is 24 pesos
-BARANGAY-CABEZA DE BARANGAY whose main role was as tax and
contributions collector for gobernadorcillo, responsible is peace and
order
 SEPARATION OF CHURCH & STATE?
• The high influence of the church on the state was exposed by FILIPINOS
among them MARCELO H.DEL PILAR the situation in the Philippines as
monastic supremacy. “Friarocracy” ruled supreme even from governmental
matters. The priest was more often dominating the town during the entire
span of colonial period.
• Rulers of the municipalities which led to the abuse
Del Pilar said “ The friars control all fundamental forces of society in the
Philippines. For they control the education for they own UST and are local
inspectors of every primary school. They execute the orders from the central
government.
DOMINICAN
• Economic role as landowners. They benefit from properties.
TAXATION W/OUT REPRESENTATION

• Income generating mechanisms were introduced by the Spanish

colonial government in the Philippines
• The BUWIS/TRIBUTE may be paid in cash or kind, partly or wholly as
palays,chickens, textiles or even some regional produce.
In the 1570 the tribute was fixed as 12.5 centavos or in kind or
gold,blankets,cotton,rice ,and bells.
1884- the tribute was replaced by the CEDULA PERSONAL 18years all
nationalities required to pay CEDULA.
 LABOR FORCE
• Community labor for 40 days 16-60 years old obliged to personal service to community
service in contruction,repair of infrastructure,church construction,cutting logs in forest.

ENCOMIENDAS
Another revenue duty-bound to defend his encomienda from external incursions to
keep peace and order and to assist the missionaries in teaching the Christian gospel
to the residents. -land reserved
Those who escaped from taxes regarded as lawless and bandits
Each encomendero collected according to his personal whim. Sometimes the
encomenderos seized the entire quantity of harvest from FILIPINO without leaving
him a grain to eat.
THE GALLEON TRADE
• Running the only regular fleet in the huge stretch of Pacific Ocean for
250 years was the Acapulco galleon, Galleon de Manila.
• The galleon trip lasted for 200 days
• Return trip for 70 days
• The galleon benefit small privileged Spaniards-Spanish governor,
Spanish residents in Manila.
SPANISH PERIOD