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Applied Nutrition Unit 01-1
Applied Nutrition Unit 01-1
Subia Naz
Lecturer,
ION&M
Objectives
• Energy:
– First Trimester - no change
– Second Trimester - increases 340 kcal/day
– Third Trimester - increases 452 kcal/day
• Protein:
– Increases from 46 g/day to 71 g/day
Vitamin and Mineral Requirements in
Pregnancy
• Pregnant women are at increased risk for
folic acid, iron, and calcium deficiencies.
• Recommendations are:
– Iron – increases to 5 mg/day
– Folate – increases to 0.6 mg/day
– Calcium - 1000 mg/day
– Magnesium - increases to 360 mg/day
– Vitamin C - increases to 85 mg/day
Calcium Requirements
pregnancy
• Dietary sources
– Milk, yogurt , cheese.
• Calcium:
• Additional calcium is required for breast milk secretion as 30
—40 mg/100 ml is secreted per day.
• Iron:
• Iron intake should be increased to 30 mg/d to make up the
iron secreted milk.
• Note: 1 mg of iron/d is lost during menstrual period.
• During Lactation Vit A (950mcg/d):
• Breast milk is rich in vit A.
• About 350 mcg /d of vit A is secreted in mother’s milk.
Physiologic factors that influence nutrient
requirements:
Developmental considerations
Throughout the life cycle, nutrient needs change in
relation to growth , development , activity and age –
related changes in metabolism and body composition
.period of intense growth and development such as
•Infant (birth to 1 year)
•Toddlers and preschoolers. (2 to 5 years)
•School Age.
•Teenage
Adolescents:
This is period of rapid physical, emotional, social and
sexual maturation. It is also marked by intense
psychological growth, family conflict , social and peer
pressure.
The growth spurt begins at different ages among
individuals.
Girls begin menstruation and experience fat deposition,
where as males experience and an increase in muscle
mass ,lean body tissue , and bones.
Adolescents:
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Academic performance increases….
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Issues in Adolescent Nutrition
• “Adolescence is a time of rapid physiologic, psychological, and
social development influencing nutrient needs as well as the
individual’s ability to supply those needs.
• Disruptions in the balance between nutrient requirements and
intake during adolescence impact on such major health
problems as atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity, anorexia
nervosa, and bulemia nervosa.
• Dietary and exercise habits formed as the adolescent achieves
increased independence have the potential to enhance or
undermine health throughout life.
• Dietary indiscretion as another form of risk-taking behavior is a
new concept worthy of scientific inquiry.”
Marc. S. Jacobson, M.D. LIJ, Schneider Children's Hospital (ref.1)
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Nutritional requirements are significantly
increased during adolescence to meet the
physiologic demands of rapid growth and
development.
• Moderate Severe
• Children
• 33.0% 2.6%
• Mothers
• 23.7% 1.8%
Nutritional Status of Pakistani population: