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    Vlassis Sarantinos
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    The document discusses acidizing techniques for stimulating oil and gas formations. It covers: 1) Proper selection of acid types requires knowledge of their capabilities, limitations, and equilibrium properties. 2) Stoichiometry refers to the molecular ratios of reactants and products in chemical reactions, and allows calculating how much formation material will dissolve. 3) Mineral acids like HCl and HCl-HF mixtures are commonly used to stimulate carbonate and sandstone formations, but precautions must be taken due to their corrosive properties.

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    The document discusses acidizing techniques for stimulating oil and gas formations. It covers: 1) Proper selection of acid types requires knowledge of their capabilities, limitations, and equilibrium properties. 2) Stoichiometry refers to the molecular ratios of reactants and products in chemical reactions, and allows calculating how much formation material will dissolve. 3) Mineral acids like HCl and HCl-HF mixtures are commonly used to stimulate carbonate and sandstone formations, but precautions must be taken due to their corrosive properties.

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    23 views10 pages

    Acidizing Techniqes

    Uploaded by

    Vlassis Sarantinos
    The document discusses acidizing techniques for stimulating oil and gas formations. It covers: 1) Proper selection of acid types requires knowledge of their capabilities, limitations, and equilibrium properties. 2) Stoichiometry refers to the molecular ratios of reactants and products in chemical reactions, and allows calculating how much formation material will dissolve. 3) Mineral acids like HCl and HCl-HF mixtures are commonly used to stimulate carbonate and sandstone formations, but precautions must be taken due to their corrosive properties.

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    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 10

    Section 2

    Acidizing Techniques
    Economic Formation Stimulation
     Proper selection of acid types requires:

    • Knowledge of capabilities.
    • Limitations.
    • Thermodynamic equilibrium.

     Acidizing Technique.
    Stoichiometry

     Refers to the proportions of the various reactants that


    participate in the reaction.
     It relates the molecular ratio between reactants and
    reaction products.
     Once it is known, the quantity of formation material
    dissolved can be calculated.
    Stoichiometry

     Dissolving power is a useful parameter that relates acid


    STO.
     Equilibrium is established before the acid has totally
    reacted.
     Precipitation of reaction products may negate
    treatment benefits in either carbonate or SS reservoirs.
    Mineral Acids
    Used in stimulation operations in the majority of
    carbonates.

    1.HC1:

     Regular HC1 (15% by Wt.) most widely used.


     Early no inhibitors. Difficulty of preventing corrosion.
     Now more concentrations are used.
    Mineral Acids
     Sometimes less concentrations are used when the
    dissolving power is not the sole consideration e.g. 5-
    7.5% HCl to displace connate water ahead of HC1-HF
    mixtures in SS acidizing to prevent the formation of
    sodium fluosilicate material capable of plugging the
    formation.
     Advantages:
    Moderate cost and soluble reaction products.
    Mineral Acids
    Disadvantages:
     Highly corrosive and corrosivity is expensive to control
    at T>250°F.
     Damage Al or chromium plated metals in pumps
    Formation temp, or materials dictate the use of other
    less corrosive acids.
    Mineral Acids
    2. HC1 - HF:
     Used exclusively in SS Stim.
     HF is commercially available as a relatively pure
    material in anhydrous form or as a concentrated
    aqueous solutions (40-70%)
     Corrosion characteristics of HF-HC1 are comparable
    with those of HC1 alone.
     Similar corrosion Inhibitors are required.
    Mineral Acids

    For use:
     Either dilute HF in HC1

     Or react Ammonium bifluoride with a solution of 15%


    HC1 which ends having (12% HC1 + 3%HF)
     Or (6% HF & 9% HC1).
    COURSE RECAP

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