Nature, Goals and Perspective in

Nature, Goals and Perspective
in/of
Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science
Competency
Discuss the nature, goals
and perspectives in/of
anthropology, sociology
and political
Science.
What are Social
Sciences?
the branch of science devoted

to the study of societies and
the relationships among
individuals within those
societies.
Sociology
Anthropology
Political science
Anthropology
Anthropology is the systematic study of humanity, with the goal of
understanding our evolutionary origins, our distinctiveness as a
species, and the great diversity in our forms of social existence
across the world and through time. The focus of Anthropology is on
understanding both our shared humanity and diversity, and
engaging with diverse ways of being in the world.
Cultural Anthropology
ETHNOLOGY LINGUISTIC ARCHEOLOGY

1. Students will see human cultures –
whether in texts religious rituals and
political or economic behavior from an
anthropological perspective. These insights
can be applied both to cultures separated
from student’s own cultures by time or
space as well their own cultures.
Goals of 2. Students will learn that anthropology as a
Anthropology discipline has a strong commitment to

issues of social justice.
3. Students will understand the process of
anthropological interpretation and
representation.
Sociology
Sociology is a social science
that focuses on society,
human social behaviour,
patterns of social
relationships, social
interaction, and aspects of
culture associated with
everyday life
Goals of Sociology
Students will demonstrate an understanding of cultural variation, social differences,

Demonstrate social changes and political identities.
Students will demonstrate an understanding of the significance of studying culture,

Demonstrate society and politics.
Students will demonstrate an understanding of the rationale for studying

Demonstrate anthropology, political science and sociology.
Develop and Students will develop and apply a comparative perspective to explain the diversity of
apply human societies.
Be Students will be able to describe how social structures and institutions operate.
Students will be able to completely and effectively communicate sociological

Be concepts and their applications
Political
Science
Political science is the
scientific study of politics. It
is a social science dealing
with systems of governance
and power, and the analysis
of political activities,
political thought, political
behavior, and associated
constitutions and laws.
Demonstrate an understanding of the concepts and principles of political science
Demonstrate in the structures, institutions, and processes of the Philippines and other nation;
Apply the knowledge of the discipline, using technology as well as traditional

Apply
Goals of
methods, to contemporary questions;
Political Organize Organize ideas and focus them effectively on the issues on questions;
Science
Demonstrate an outstanding of verbal and written communicative, analytical and
Demonstrate critical thinking skills in various academic and professional settings;
Recognize their personal value systems and apply these to their own social and
Recognize political worlds; and 6. Provide content for integrating skills for teacher
preparation, graduate, and professionals
Perspective
Anthropological
Perspective
HOLISM
Anthropologists are interested in

the whole of humanity, in how various
aspects of life interact. One cannot fully
appreciate what it means to be human
by studying a single aspect of our
complex histories, languages, bodies, or
societies. By using a holistic approach,
anthropologists ask how different
aspects of human life influence one
another.
A cross-cultural or comparative approach
is central to anthropological understanding. This emphasis also makes anthropology unique among the social
sciences. Unlike sociologists, psychologists, economists and political scientists, anthropologists look beyond
the confines of our own society and compare it to the beliefs and practices of other societies, past and
present. Where a sociologist, for example, may attempt to explain social organization with reference only to
their own society, an anthropologist would almost invariably go on to compare and contrast our own patterns
of social organization with other societies.
•This approach, coming from archeology and physical anthropology, focuses upon both the biological and cultural
Evolutionary/Historical evolution of human beings and of human societies. It is also one of the reasons why a four subfields approach is so
Emphasis important to the discipline as a whole.
•An evolutionary/historical approach is “diachronic.” In other words, it is focused upon the understanding of and
description of patterns of change over time. This approach provides time depth to an anthropological perspective
which, along with its cross-cultural emphasis, helps to put contemporary society and contemporary patterns of social
development into an historical context.
Ecological Which views human societies or cultures within the context of larger
approach natural systems
Sociological
Perspectives
Structural Functionalism
Structural-functionalism
emphasized the formal ordering
of parts and their functional
interrelations as contributing to
the maintenance needs of a
structured social system.
Conflict theory
Conflict theory, first purported by Karl

Marx, is a theory that society is in a
state of perpetual conflict because
of competition for limited
resources. Conflict theory holds that
social order is maintained by
domination and power, rather than by
consensus and conformity. According
to conflict theory, those with wealth
and power try to hold on to it by any
means possible, chiefly by
suppressing the poor.
Symbolic
Interactionism
Symbolic interaction theory analyzes
society by addressing the subjective
meanings that people impose on
objects, events, and
behaviors. Subjective meanings are
given primacy because it is believed
that people behave based on what
they believe and not just on what is
objectively true.
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Nature, Goals and Perspective

the branch of science devoted

ETHNOLOGY LINGUISTIC ARCHEOLOGY

Anthropology discipline has a strong commitment to

Students will demonstrate an understanding of cultural variation, social differences,

Students will demonstrate an understanding of the significance of studying culture,

Students will demonstrate an understanding of the rationale for studying

Students will be able to completely and effectively communicate sociological

Apply the knowledge of the discipline, using technology as well as traditional

Anthropologists are interested in

Conflict theory, first purported by Karl

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