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Properties of Solutions
Properties of Solutions
SOLUTIONS
Mixtures – a review
• Mixture: a combination of two or more
substances that do not combine
chemically, but remain the same
individual substances; can be separated
by physical means.
• Two types:
– Heterogeneous
– Homogeneous
Heterogeneous Mixture
• “Hetero” means “different”
• Example:
Homogeneous Mixture
• “Homo” means the same
• has the same uniform appearance and
composition throughout; maintain one phase
(solid, liquid, gas)
• Commonly referred to as solutions
• Example:
Salt Water
Solution
• Solution: a mixture of two or more substances
that is identical throughout (homogeneous)
• can be physically separated Salt water is
• composed of solutes and solvents considered a
solution. How can it
be physically
separated?
the substance being dissolved
the substance that dissolves the solute
S O L V E N T
S O L U T E
Chemistry-Borders IPC-Solutions-Borders
Types of Solutions
• described as concentrated
if it has a high concentration
of solute dissolved
Concentration
• Unsaturated - has a less than the
maximum concentration of solute
dissolved
Chemistry-Borders
Polarity and Dissolving
• Chemists use the saying
“like dissolves like”:
Polar solutes tend to
dissolve in polar solvents.
Nonpolar solutes tend to
dissolve in nonpolar
solvents.
= 260 g NaCl
Molarity
M = mol (solute)
L (solution)
= .565 L
Dilutions
Chemistry-Borders IPC-Solutions-Borders
Dilutions and Molarity
M1V1 = M2V2
Example 1
How many liters of 2.5 M HCl are
required to make 1.5 L of 1.0 M HCl?
M1V1 = M2V2
M1 = 2.5 M
V1 = ?
M2 = 1.0 M
V2 = 1.5 L
(2.5M) V1 = (1.0M) (1.5 L) = 0.60L
2.5M 2.5M
Example 1
M1 = 2.5M V1 = 0.60L M2 = 1.0 M V2= 1.5 L
Chemistry-Borders IPC-Solutions-Borders
Mass Percent
• Solutions can also be represented as percent
of solute in a specific mass of solution.
• For a solid dissolved in water, you use percent
by mass which is Mass Percent.
reactants products
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Solution Stoichiometry
• When we previously did stoichiometry
for a reaction to determine theoretical
yield, we only worked with GRAMS and
MOLES
• Ex/ How many MOLES of HCl are
required to react with 13 GRAMS of
zinc?
Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2
Solution Stoichiometry
• But we may be given something OTHER than
grams and moles
= 0.0331 L HCl
Solution Stoichiometry
• Ex/ How many grams of NaOH would be
required to react with 1.50 L of 3.75M
sulfuric acid?
H2SO4 + NaOH Na2SO4 + H2O
= 450. g NaOH