Group 2
Group 2
THE DYNAMICS OF
COMMUNICATION
- When engaged in a spoken discourse in informal
situation like being in the company of friends, there
are false start, hesitation, repetition and even
overlapping. In addition, body language or non-verbal
forms of communication are also used in sending a
message. Ex: Winking, Smiling, Even raising of an
eyebrow will convey a messages to the listener
beyond the spoken words.
- The term " Register" was first used by Reid in 1956.
It also known as tenor, tone or style, it refers to a
variety of language used by speaker.
- Variation is defined by use and not user. In his
seminal work " The Five Clocks", Joo (1961) present a
typology to describe speech styles where he identifies
five language registers; Static or Frozen, Formal,
Consultative, Casual and Intimate.
• - Dell Hymes in 1974, SPEAKING model to describe the different
extraneous variables that would dictate appropriateness of
language use.
• S which is Setting and Scene refers to time, and place where
communication take place.
• P which is Participants refers to the speaker and his audience.
• E is for Ends refers to the purposes, goals, out come of the
speech event.
• A or Acts of sequence refers to the form and order of the event.
• K refers to the Cues that established the tone, manner, or spirit
of the speech act.
• I stands for Instrumentalities which refers to the forms and types
of speech which Joo's typology has tried to explain.
• N is for Norms or the social rules governing the event and the
participants actions and reaction.
• G stands for Genre or the kind of speech act or event.
OVERCOMING CO
MMUNICATION BA
RRIERS IN MULTI-C
ULTURAL SETTING
S
Language and Culture
- Language and culture are intertwined. A particular language
usually points out to a specific group of people. When you
interact with another language, it means nothat you are also
interacting with the culture that speaks the language. You
cannot understand one's culture without accessing its
language directly.
- A potential barrier for effective communication is the wide
variety of Englishes. With over two billion speakers globally.
English has become the " Lingua Franca" a language that is
used among people who speak various language.
UK, USA, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. - Who have
English as their first language.
In Asia, these speakers include those coming from Philippines,
Malaysia, Singapore. - Are speaking communities that have
English as second language.
Taiwanese, Chinese, Japanese and Indonesians who have
english as a foreign language.
- When people from two different cultural groups interact,
Intercultural Communication takes place. Intercultural
communication (or cross-cultural communication) is a
discipline that studies communication across different
cultures and social groups, or how culture affects
communication.
- The primary purpose of intercultural communication is to
understand and respect the other culture.
EVALUATING TEXTS A
ND IMAGES THROUG
H CRITICAL READING
AND VIEWING
- Information can be readily accessed through the
use of technology and the internet. Sadly, the ease
by which these information are disseminated and
retrieved has also given rise to the social
phenomenon of fake news and " alternative facts".
- Engage in reflective and independent thinking or
critical thinking. It is the foundation of critical
reading and listening.
To be an effective listener; the following suggestions
are given: