Faqc Lab: Determination of Acid Value and Sap. Value of Oil

FAQC Lab
DETERMINATION OF
ACID VALUE AND SAP.
VALUE OF OIL
Acid Value:
It is defined as the weight of KOH in mg needed to

neutralize the organic acids present in 1g of fat.
Significance: It is a measure of the free fatty

acids (FFA) present in the fat or oil. An increment
in the amount of FFA in a sample of oil or fat
indicates hydrolysis of triglycerides.
Estimation of Acid Value of Oil
Principle:
The acid value is determined by directly
titrating the oil/fat in an alcoholic
medium against standard potassium
hydroxide/sodium hydroxide solution.
Analytical Importance
The value is a measure of the amount of fatty

acids, which have been liberated by hydrolysis
from the glycerides due to the action of moisture,
temperature and/or lipolytic enzyme lipase.
Apparatus:
1. 250 ml conical flask

2. Burette
3. Pipette
4. Volumetric flask for reagent preparation
Reagents:
Phenolphthalein indicator solution: - Dissolve one

gram of phenolphthalein in 100mL of ethyl alcohol.
Ethyl alcohol
0.1 (N) NaOH or KOH solution
0.1 (N) Oxalic acid solution

Procedure: -
Standardization of KOH:
1. 10 ml of 0.1(N) oxalic acid was taken in 250ml conical flask.
2. 1 or 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator was added to this solution.
3. This solution was titrated against KOH taken in a burette.
4. The end point was indicated by the appearance of the pink color.
5. From the volume of the KOH solution in burette, the normality of
KOH was found.
Titration against sample: -
1. 5gm of oil was weighed and it was transferred into 250 ml conical
flask.
2. 50 ml of neutralized alcohol solution was added to the solution.
3. This mixture was heated for 10minutes by using the heater.
4. The solution was taken after 10 minutes and then 1 or 2 drops of
phenolphthalein indicator was added.
5. This was titrated against the 0.1 (N) KOH solution in the burette.
6. The end point was indicated by the appearance of the pink color.

Observation and calculation:
Weight of sample= 5.175 gm
Table No. – 01: Standardization of 0.1(N) KOH
SL NO. VOLUME Burette Burette Mean

OF reading reading value(
OXALIC initial(ml final(ml) ml)
ACID(ml) )
1 10 0 10.9
2 10 0 11.2 11.03
3 10 0 11
TABLE 2: Sample Titration
Sl No. Burette Burette Mean
Reading Reading Value(ml)
Initial (ml) Final (ml)
1 0 1
2 0 1.2 1.1
3 0 1.1

Calculation:
Saponification Number:
A measure of the total free and combined acids especially in a fat,

wax, or resin expressed as the number of milligrams of potassium
hydroxide required for the complete saponification of one gram of
substance

Significance: It gives information concerning the character of
the fatty acids of the fat- the longer the carbon chain; the less
acid is liberated per gram of fat hydrolyzed. It is also
considered as a measure of the average molecular weight (or
chain length) of all the fatty acids present. The long chain fatty
acids found in fats have low saponification value because they
have a relatively fewer number of carboxylic functional groups
per unit mass of the fat and therefore high molecular weight.
https://youtu.be/DpgmHx-dl1A
Estimation of Sap Value of oil
Principle: Saponification value is defined as the
number of milligrams of KOH required to
completely hydrolyse (saponify) one gram of
the oil/fat. In practice a known amount of the oil or
fat is refluxed with excess amount of standard
alcoholic potash solution and the unused alkali is
titrated against a standard acid.
Q. What is Saponification of Oil?
Ans. Saponification is a process that involves the
conversion of fat, oil, or lipid, into soap and alcohol
by the action of heat in the presence of aqueous
alkali (e.g. NaOH).
Materials Required:
1) Fats and Oils [coconut oil, sunflower oil]
2) Conical Flask
3) 100ml beaker
4) Weighing Balance
5) Dropper
6) Reflux condenser
7) Boiling Water bath
8) Glass pipette (25ml)
9) Burette
Reagents Required:
1) Ethanolic KOH(95% ethanol, v/v)

2) Potassium hydroxide [0.5N]
3) Fat solvent
4) Hydrochloric acid[0.5N]
5) Phenolphthalein indicator
•(A - B) is the difference between the volume of HCl solution
used for the blank run and for the tested sample, in mL ;
•M is the molarity of HCl solution, in mol · L−1 ;56.1 is the
molecular weight of KOH , in g · mol−1;
•W is the weight weight of sample, in g.

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FAQC Lab

It is defined as the weight of KOH in mg needed to

Significance: It is a measure of the free fatty

The value is a measure of the amount of fatty

1. 250 ml conical flask

Phenolphthalein indicator solution: - Dissolve one

0.1 (N) NaOH or KOH solution

0.1 (N) Oxalic acid solution

Table No. – 01: Standardization of 0.1(N) KOH

SL NO. VOLUME Burette Burette Mean

A measure of the total free and combined acids especially in a fat,

1) Ethanolic KOH(95% ethanol, v/v)

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