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  • UQUMed 5 PAP Smear

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    AHMED .K
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    The document provides information about cervical (PAP) smears including: - A PAP smear involves exfoliating cells from the cervix to examine under a microscope for cancerous or precancerous lesions. - Proper preparation includes scheduling when not menstruating and avoiding certain activities before the test. - Equipment includes an examination table, light, speculum, gloves, spatula, cytobrush, and slide. - The technique involves inspecting the cervix, using a speculum to visualize, sampling cells from the transformation zone with a spatula and cytobrush, and making a smear on a slide or collecting in liquid.

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    1605985353124_UQUMed 5 PAP smear

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    The document provides information about cervical (PAP) smears including: - A PAP smear involves exfoliating cells from the cervix to examine under a microscope for cancerous or precancerous lesions. - Proper preparation includes scheduling when not menstruating and avoiding certain activities before the test. - Equipment includes an examination table, light, speculum, gloves, spatula, cytobrush, and slide. - The technique involves inspecting the cervix, using a speculum to visualize, sampling cells from the transformation zone with a spatula and cytobrush, and making a smear on a slide or collecting in liquid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    43 views19 pages

    UQUMed 5 PAP Smear

    Uploaded by

    AHMED .K
    The document provides information about cervical (PAP) smears including: - A PAP smear involves exfoliating cells from the cervix to examine under a microscope for cancerous or precancerous lesions. - Proper preparation includes scheduling when not menstruating and avoiding certain activities before the test. - Equipment includes an examination table, light, speculum, gloves, spatula, cytobrush, and slide. - The technique involves inspecting the cervix, using a speculum to visualize, sampling cells from the transformation zone with a spatula and cytobrush, and making a smear on a slide or collecting in liquid.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Cervical (PAP) smear

    • CLINICAL & PRACTICAL SKILLS VERTICAL MODULE


    • UQU 5Med-- 2019-2020
    ➢ Objectives of the session

    • To know and practice the steps of obtaining cervical smear with its
    different methods (Conventional and liquid based)
    ➢ PAP smear

    • Is a test created by George Papanicolaou in 1940.


    • The mainstay of cervical cancer screening for the last 60+
    years
    •  It involves exfoliating cells from the transformation zone of
    the cervix to enable examination of these cells microscopically
    for detection of cancerous or precancerous lesions
    ➢ PAP preparation
    • Ideally, cervical screening should be scheduled when the patient is not
    menstruating.
    • Avoid vaginal intercourse, douching, use of tampons, use of medicinal
    vaginal cream or contraceptive cream for 24-48 hours prior to cervical
    screening.
    • Ideally, pre-existing cervicitis should be treated prior to cervical screening.
    • Screening, however, should proceed in the presence of bleeding or
    cervicitis, as these symptoms may be related to cervical dysplasia or
    neoplasm, which may be detected with cervical screening.
    ➢ PAP equipment:

    • Examination table with foot supports


    • Examination light
    • Metal or plastic speculum
    • Examination gloves
    • Cervical spatula and cytobrush
    • Liquid-based cytology container or glass slide and fixative
    ➢ Pap Smear Technique

    • Privacy
    • Lithotomy position
    • Buttocks just off table
    • Good Lighting
    • Drape
    • Standby
    ➢ Inspect

    • Spread labiae by two hands


    • Look for :
    o Discharge
    o Ulcers
    o Growths
    ➢Vaginal Speculum

    • Bivalve speculum is used to visualize the cervix.


    • Different sizes are available use the suitable for each
    patient.
    • There are metallic or disposable speculums.
    • Warm water
    • Not too hot
    • Lubricates speculum
    • Don’t use K-Y, Surgilube or Vaseline to lubricate speculum
    ➢ Bivalve speculum
    ➢ Insert Speculum
    • Spread labia
    • Keep labia apart
    • Blades remain closed until fully inserted
    ➢ Squamo-Columnar Junction(transformation
    zone)

    • Junction of pink cervical skin and red endocervical canal


    • Inherently unstable
    • Key portion of the cervix to sample
    • Most likely site of dysplasia
    ➢ Ayers Spatula

    • Wooden instrument for sampling the cervix


    • Concave end to fit the cervix
    • Convex end for vaginal wall
    and vaginal pool scrapings
    ➢ Sample Cervix

    • Use concave end


    • Rotate 360 degrees
    • Don’t use too much force (bleeding, pain)
    • Don’t use too little force (inadequate sample)
    ➢ Cytobrush

    • Insert ~ 2 cm (until brush is fully inside canal)


    • Rotate only 180 degrees (otherwise will cause bleeding)
    ➢ Make Pap Smear

    • As thin as possible
    • Properly labeled
    ➢ Spray with Fixative

    • Within 10-15 seconds


    • Allow to fully dry before packaging
    ➢ Liquid based cytology

    • In the technique known as liquid-based cytology, these collected cells


    are released into a vial of liquid preservative that is then used in the
    cytology lab to produce a slide for microscopic evaluation of the cells.
    ➢ Complications

    • Complications are extraordinarily rare and include:


    1. Minor bleeding
    2. Infection.
    • The patient must be educated on the likelihood of vaginal spotting
    immediately after a pap smear is performed, as this is considered normal.
    Thank you

    • CLINICAL & PRACTICAL SKILLS


    • UQUMed-5- 2019-2020

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