Automatic Switching On and Off of Water Pumps

Automatic
Switching on and
off of Water Pumps
.
TEAM MEMBERS:
NAME REG.NO
D.L.S.S. Naidu 19BEC0110
Venkata Sunna Sai Dheeraj 19BEC0406
Sravani.R 19BEC0702
Shreya Gunanithi 19BEC0797
Aniket Malhotra 19BEC0799

AIM:
 This project is done using 8051 Microcontroller and will help in automatically
controlling the water pump by sensing the water level in a tank. This circuit
works on the principle that water conducts electricity. A wire connected to
VCC and four other wires are immersed in a tank at different levels namely,
Quarter, Half, three-Fourth and Full. Their outputs are taken on pins, P3.0,
P3.1, P3.2, P3.3 via a transistor - BC547.
 This project is done using 8051 Microcontroller and will help in automatically
controlling the water pump by sensing the water level in a tank. This circuit
works on the principle that water conducts electricity. A wire connected to
VCC and four other wires are immersed in a tank at different levels namely,
Quarter, Half, three-Fourth and Full. Their outputs are taken on pins, P3.0,
P3.1, P3.2, P3.3 via a transistor - BC547.
References:
 https://www.electronicshub.org/water-level-controller-using-8051- microcon
troller/
 https://www.circuitstoday.com/water-level-controller-using-8051
 https://www.academia.edu/11989580/Water_level_detector_using_8051_mic
rocontroller
Block diagram:
COMPONENTS USED:
 ● LCD Display (LM016L) :Lcd display is used to display messgae given by
device and is a type of flat panel display which uses liquid crystals in its
primary form of operation. LEDs have a large and varying set of use cases for
consumers and businesses
 ● Microcontroller (AT89C52) :A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit
designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system. A typical
microcontroller includes a processor, memory and input/output (I/O)
peripherals on a single chip. Sometimes referred to as an embedded
controller or microcontroller unit (MCU), microcontrollers are found in
vehicles, robots, office machines, medical devices, mobile radio transceivers,
vending machines and home appliances among other devices
 ● Transistors : A transistor is a device that regulates current or voltage flow
and acts asa switch or gate for electronic signals. Transistors consist of three
layers of a semiconductor material, each capable of carrying a current. A
transistor regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for
electronic signals
Components used:
 ● Basic Circuit elements (Resistors, Capacitors, Bread Board, Connecting Wires)
 ● Water Pump :Pumps water into the tank. It most commonly consists of a
number of switches or sensors connected to a control unit that determines if and
which button was pushed or a preset time has lapsed, and usually illuminates a
light on the appropriate button or control panel, and sounds a warning in the
form of a continuous or intermittent buzzing or beeping sound.
 ● Keil Software :Keil developmenttoolsforthe 8051Microcontroller Architecture
support every level of software developer from the professional applications
engineertothestudentjustlearning aboutembedded software development.
 ● Potentiometer : A potentiometer is a passive electronic component.
Potentiometers work by varying the position of a sliding contact across a uniform
resistance. In a potentiometer, the entire input voltage is applied acrossthe
whole length of the resistor, and the output voltage is the voltage drop between
the fixed and sliding contact.We have used it in the lcd to change intensity of
the display
Components used:
 ● Proteus Simulation : The Proteus is an electronic circuit design software

which includes aschematic capture, simulation and PCB ( Printed Circuit
Board) Layout modules. But generally now a days Eagle CAD is highly
preferred over Proteus for PCB designing because of its flexibility.
 ● ISP :In-system programming (ISP), also called in-circuit serial programming
(ICSP), is the ability of some programmable logic devices, microcontrollers,
and other embedded devices to be programmed while installed in a complete
system, rather than requiring the chip to be programmed prior to installing it
into the system.We have used ISP to burn the code to the microcontroller
using PROGISP software to burn the code in the microcontroller
Software Details:
 ● Keil Software Keil developmenttoolsforthe 8051Microcontroller

Architecture support every level of software developer from the professional
applications engineertothestudentjustlearning aboutembedded software
development.
Procedure:
 This water level indicator circuit works on the principle that water conducts
electricity.
 A wire connected to VCC and four other wires are dipped in tank at different
levels namely quarter, half, three-fourth, full and their output are taken on
pins P3.0, P3.1, P3.2, P3.3 via a transistor BC547.
 PortP2 is connected to data pins of LCD and P1.0,P1.1,P1.2 are respectively
connected to RS, RW, and EN pins of LCD.
 Initially when the tank is empty LCD will show the message VACANT and the
water pump is set.As the tank starts filling up wire at different levels get some
positive voltage, due to conducting nature of water.
 This voltage is then fed to their corresponding pins on controller. When level
reaches to quarter level, LCD displays the message QUARTER. On further rise
of level, HALF and 3/4 QUARTER are displayed on LCD. When tank gets full the
water pump is automatically turned off which is connected to P1.5.
 The process starts over again when the tank gets empty. Also the time taken
for the tank to get filled is noted each time and used for further purposes.
Timer is set in this purpose.
Algorithm:
 ● First configure the controller pins P1.0, P1.1, P1.2 and P3.0, P3.1, P3.2, P3.3,
P3.4 as inputs and P3.4, P2.0, P2.1, P2.2, P2.3, P2.4, P2.5, P2.6, P2.7 as output.
 ● Now initialize the LCD.
 • Continuously check the water level input pins P3.0, P3.1, P3.2, P3.3 and P3.4
 ● If all the pins are low then display tank is vacant and the water pump is set high.
High pulse on the pin P3.0 indicates Filling Start, display the same thing on LCD.
 ● If P3.1 is high then water level is Quarter.
 ● High pulse on P3.2 indicates Half full of the tank.
 ● If P3.3 is high then tank is 3/4th full.
 ● If P3.3 is high then tank is Full and the water pump is turned of by sending a low
pulse to P1.5.
Program:
PROTHEUS SIMULATION
OBSERVATIONS
 All the connections were made and the circuit was tested. The circuit
performed as expected and displayed the correct information on the LCD
display and the water pump is controlled perfectly. The 8051 is a very
powerful tool which can be used for many such innovative and useful
projects.

Applications:• Automatic Water level Controller can be used in hotels,
factories, homes apartments, commercial complexes,drainages,etc.
 • It will automatically START the pump set as soon as the water level falls
below the predetermined level and shall SWITCH OFF the pump set as soon as
tank is full.
Conclusion:
 Automatic water pump control system employs the use of different

technologies in its design, development, and implementation. The system
used microcontroller to automate the process of water pumping in an over-
head tank storage system and has the ability to detect the level of water in a
tank, switch on/off the pump accordingly and display the status on an LCD
screen. This research has successfully provided an improvement on existing
water level controllers by its use of calibrated circuit to indicate the water
level

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Automatic

Venkata Sunna Sai Dheeraj 19BEC0406

Shreya Gunanithi 19BEC0797

Aniket Malhotra 19BEC0799

 ● Proteus Simulation : The Proteus is an electronic circuit design software

 ● Keil Software Keil developmenttoolsforthe 8051Microcontroller

 Automatic water pump control system employs the use of different

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