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  • Onjunctive Use of Surface & Groundwater and Managed Aquifer Recharge Techniques

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    Conjunctive water management involves using surface water and groundwater resources together in an integrated way to improve water availability and reliability. Key aspects include balancing recharge and recovery, recognizing the resources are connected, and managing them as a single resource. Potential benefits include improved water access and flexibility, greater average yields by capturing surplus water, and achieving water management and environmental targets. Managed aquifer recharge techniques, like artificial recharge, help implement conjunctive water management.

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    Conjunctive water management involves using surface water and groundwater resources together in an integrated way to improve water availability and reliability. Key aspects include balancing recharge and recovery, recognizing the resources are connected, and managing them as a single resource. Potential benefits include improved water access and flexibility, greater average yields by capturing surplus water, and achieving water management and environmental targets. Managed aquifer recharge techniques, like artificial recharge, help implement conjunctive water management.

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    44 views40 pages

    Onjunctive Use of Surface & Groundwater and Managed Aquifer Recharge Techniques

    Uploaded by

    sakthivel
    Conjunctive water management involves using surface water and groundwater resources together in an integrated way to improve water availability and reliability. Key aspects include balancing recharge and recovery, recognizing the resources are connected, and managing them as a single resource. Potential benefits include improved water access and flexibility, greater average yields by capturing surplus water, and achieving water management and environmental targets. Managed aquifer recharge techniques, like artificial recharge, help implement conjunctive water management.

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    of 40

    onjunctive Use of Surface & Groundwater

    and Managed Aquifer Recharge Techniques


    USING GROUNDWATER AND SURFACE WAT ER
    TOGETHER

    conjunctive water management

    - Balancing recharge & recovery


    Conjunctive Water Management

    *management of hydraulically connected


    surface water and groundwater resources
    in a coordinated way........such that the total
    benefits of integrated management exceed the sum of the
    benefits that would result from independent management of
    the surface water and groundwater components

    Ie-Recognising the surface water and groundwater resources in a catchment are


    fundamentally linked - an integrated approach is called conjunctive water management.
    . Conjunctive water management
    Engages the principles of conjunctive water use, where
    surface water and groundwater are used in combination to
    improve water availability and reliability.

    But, includes important components of groundwater


    management such as monitoring, evaluation of monitoring data
    to develop local management objectives, and use of monitoring
    data to establish and enforce local management policies.

    Scientific studies are needed to support conjunctive water


    management. They provide important data to understand the
    geology of aquifer systems, how and where surface water
    replenishes the groundwater, and flow directions and gradients
    of groundwater.
    Guiding principles
    (1)

    Where physically connectedSurface


    water (including overland
    flows) & groundwater should be managed as one
    resource.

    All surface water and groundwater stores rely (either directly or indirectly) on
    rainfall for recharge. Identification of new storages within a connected system does not
    automatically increase the net sustainable yield of that system.
    (2)
    Water management regimes should assume
    connectivity between surface water (including
    overland flows) and groundwater unless proven
    otherwise.

    The Precautionary Principle should apply to protect against potential impacts of surface
    water-groundwater interactions.

    For example, a single combined sustainable yield should be used as the basis for the net
    allocation of surface water and surrounding groundwater resources until: it can be proven
    they are disconnected).
    (3)
    Water users (groundwater and surface water) should be
    treated equally

    .
    It is not appropriate to assume a blanket hierarchy between surface water and
    groundwater licences. Pricing, security, capping, licensing, metering, and
    defining reliability should be consistent for all water users.
    (4)
    Jurisdictional boundaries should not prevent
    management actions

    Discontinuity in government institutional arrangements between (and within)


    jurisdictions should not be an excuse for failing to identify and address issues
    associated with connected systems.
    Coordinated Management approach-
    Recognising the
    -Water can be stored in the aquifer

    (● a storage reservoir during wet periods)

    -Aquifer can be a water source during dry periods

    ●stored groundwater can be tapped to meet irrigation or urban demand)


    -Pumping of aquifers should be comparatively less
    during these wet periods-

    ●(allowing them to refill naturally or through deliberate replenishment efforts -like ASR
    schemes)

    At times when surface water availability is


    comparatively plentiful the direct use of surface
    supplies is encouraged..

    ● (winter & wet years)When stream flows are less and need to be conserved for ecosystem
    requirements,
    Potential benefits of a conjunctive approach
    1. ●Improved security of water access entitlements for landholders.

    2. ●Greater flexibility for producers seeking to ensure access to resources, by allowing


    switching between more than one water source according to relative availability.

    3. ●Greater average annual water yields through capture and conservation of surplus water
    supplies when they are available.

    4. ●Producers to demonstrate due diligence in their management of natural resources.

    5. ●Communities and regions to deliver water management and environmental targets.

    6. ●Governments to achieve better water resource outcomes in the national interest.


    MANAGED AQUIFER
    RECHARGE
    RAIN WATER
    HARVESTING?
    • IT IS THE TECHNIQUE OF COLLECTION
    AND
    STORAGE OF RAIN WATER OVER
    SURFACE OR
    INTO UNDER-GROUND AQUIFERS BY
    NATURAL
    OR MAN-MADE STRUCTURES BEFORE IT
    IS LOST
    AS SURFACE RUN-OFF
    ARTIFICIAL
    RECHARGE
    • IS PROCESS BY WHICH THE GROUND WATER
    RESERVOIR IS AUGMENTED AT RATE
    EXCEEDING THAT
    UNDER NATURAL CONDITIONS OF
    REPLENISHMENT
    MANAGED AQUIFER
    RECHARGE
    • ALSO CALLED GROUNDWATER
    REPLENISHMENT
    • IT IS THE PURPOSEFUL RECHARGE OF WATER TO
    AQUIFERS FOR RECOVERY OR ENVIRONMENTAL
    SUBSEQUENT
    BENEFIT
    • METHODS SUCH AS
    • RIVERBANK
    FILTRATION
    • STREAM BED
    • WEIRS
    • INFILTRATION PONDS
    AND
    • INJECTION WELLS
    FACTORS INFLUENCING
    MAR
    • INCREASING WATER
    NEEDS/DEMANDS
    • RAPID RISE IN HUMAN POPULATION - OPTIMUM
    USE OF WATE R
    FRESH
    IMPERATIVE
    • URBANISATION - PRESSURE TO MEET THE NEEDS
    OF THE
    POPULATION AS WELL AS
    INDUSTRY
    • LOWERING OF GROUNDWATER TABLES AND
    DEPLETED
    GW
    RESERVOIRS
    • FAILURE OF PIPED WATE R SUPPLY
    SYSTEMS
    • CONSUMPTION OF POLLUTED WATE R AS
    SOURCES
    WATE
    R
    FACTORS INFLUENCING
    MAR
    • VARIATIONS IN WATER
    AVAILABILITY
    . FLUCTUATION IN AVAILABILITY OF WATE R
    FROM
    LAKES, RIVERS AND
    GROUNDWATER
    . UNCHECKED RAINWATER RUNOFF IS CAUSING
    SOIL
    EROSION CAUSING SILTATION OF WATE R
    BODIES 
    . DOMESTIC WATE R SUPPLY
    REDUCTION IN STORAGE
    SHORTAGE
    . SCANTY/ DEFICIENT RAINFALL CAUSING
    REDUCTION
    IN SOURCE WATE
    R
    FACTORS INFLUENCING
    MAR
    RESPONSIBILITIES TOWARDS PROTECTING
    NATURE
    . USING MORE OF RAINWATER HELPS TO
    CONSERVE
    AUGMENT&THE STORAGE OF GROUND
    WATE R
    . IT HELPS TO ARREST SEA WATE R INTRUSION IN
    COASTAL
    AREA
    S
    . IT HELPS TO AVOID FLOOD & WATE R
    STAGNATION
    URBAN IN
    AREAS
    . REDUCES WATE R AND
    ELECTRICITY BILLS
    FACTORS INFLUENCING
    MAR
    • COLLECTION AND STORAGE NEAR THE PLACE
    OF USE
     IT IMPROVES THE ACCESSIBILITY AND CONVENIENCE
    TO
     ITWATER
    COSTS LESS TO COLLECT RAINWATER THAN TO
    SUPPLIES AND REDUCES HEALTH ISSUES
    EXPLOIT
    GROUNDWATER.
     ONLY TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND
    MATERIALS CAN BE
    USED TO COLLECT
     COLLECTING THE WATER
    RAINWATER IS THE ONLY WAY OF
    RECHARGING AND
    REVITALISING DRY OPEN WELLS AND DRY HAND PUMPS
     CREATING
     A SENSEFOR
    AN OPPORTUNITY OF OWNERSHIP
    COMMUNITIES TO COME
    TOGETHER AND
    WORK CLOSER
     PROVIDE PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT TO THE RURAL
    POOR IN THEIR
    OWN VILLAGES
    FACTORS INFLUENCING
    MAR
    • QUALITY OF WATER
    SUPPLIES
    WATE R SUPPLIES CAN BECOME NON-POTABLE DUE
    TO
    INDUSTRIAL OR HUMAN WASTES OR INTRUSION
    (COASTAL
    RWH
    AREA)IS ESSENTIAL WHEN THE GROUND
    WATE R IS OR HAS A HIGH IRON OR
    BRACKISH
    FLUORIDE
    TO MEET HIGH WATE R DEMAND IN URBAN
    AREAS FOR
    VARIOUS PURPOSES LIKE HOUSEHOLD,
    INSTITUTIONS,
    FACTORIES, WATE R PARKS ETC
    FACTORS CONTROLLING
    MAR
    • AVAILABILITY OF SUFFICIENT SOURCE WATE R FOR
    RECHARGING
    • AVAILABILITY OF SPACE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF RWH
    SYSTEMS
    •• PRESENCE OF UNSATURATED/
    DEPTH TO WATE DESATURATED
    R LEVEL (POST MONSOON) >= 8M
    AQUIFER
    • HIGHER LEVEL OF GW FLUCTUATION SHOULD NOT
    •BEDECLINING
    THERE OF GROUNDWATER LEVEL AND OVER
    EXPLOITATION
    OF GW / DEPLETED GW
    RESERVOIRS
    • COST AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE
    PROJECT
    • CLIMATIC REGIONS
    GW RECHARGE
    TECHNIQUE ?

    Techniques

     Surface storage technique


     Sub-surface storage technique (recharge to
    ground water aquifer)
     Combination of both
    SELECTION OF RECHARGE
    SYSTEM
    • BASED ON THE AQUIFER
    DISPOSITION

    Surface basin Excavated basin

    Trench

    Shaft/ Vadose
    zone well

    Aquifer well
    FLOW CHART OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE
    METHODS ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE
    METHODS
    DIRECT INDIRECT
    METHODS COMBINATION
    METHODS METHODS
    SURFACE
    SPREADING
    SUBSURFAC GROUND
    E INDUCED AQUIFER
    WATER CONSER-
    TECHNIQUES MODIFICATION
    TECHNIQUE RECHARGE VATION
    FLOODING S STRUCTUR
    Injection wells E
    PUMPING BORE
    DITCH & WELLS BLASTING
    FURROW RECHARGE GROUND
    SHAFTS
    WATER
    RECHARGE COLLECTOR HYDRO
    GRAVITY HEAD DYKES /
    BASIN WELL FRACTURIN
    RECHARGE UNDER
    G
    RUNOFF WELLS GROUND
    CONSER- DAMS
    STREAM INFILTRATIO
    VATION N FRACTUR
    MODIFICATION E
    Structures GALLERY
    1.Percolation SEALING
    Tank CEMENT-
    2.Nala Bund ATION
    (FSC)
    3.Gully Plug SURFACE
    4.Contour IRRIGATION
    Bund
    5.Contour
    Trenches
    6.Bench
    Terracing 1
    SURFACE STORAGE
    TECHNIQUES
    The storage of rain water on surface is a traditional
    technique and structures used are

     underground tanks with filters (Direct use)


     ponds
     check dams
     Gully plugs
    (Recharge purposes)
     nala bunds
     Weirs
     Contour trenches
    SURFACE STORAGE
    TECHNIQUES

    Check dams and percolation


    tanks at the lowest end of the
    drainage outlet

    Contour trenches trap rain water,


    enable it to percolate to
    underground aquifers and break
    the speed of fast moving water
    SURFACE STORAGE
    TECHNIQUES

    Gully plugs and nala bunds


    help to control the flow of
    water, sedimentation and
    recharge ground water
    aquifers

    Afforestation and pasture


    development on barren
    wastelands and field bunds
    .
    SURFACE STORAGE
    TECHNIQUES
    It has several direct benefits:
    •access to water to people and livestock
    •providing water for food and cash crops
    •increasing groundwater recharge
    •reducing storm water discharges, urban floods
    •reducing seawater ingress in coastal areas
    •Reducing electricity bill (no pumping)
    It has several demerits:
    • Possibility of contamination
    • Cost on treatment
    •Storage lost due to evaporation
    SUB-SURFACE STORAGE
    TECHNIQUES
    The rain water collected is recharged to ground
    water aquifers by construction of various recharge
    structures are

     Recharge pits
     Recharge trench
     Dug well
     Bore well
     Recharge shaft
     Injection well
     Laterals
    SUB-SURFACE STORAGE
    TECHNIQUES
    Dug well with filter
    Recharge pits with shaft
    SUB-SURFACE STORAGE
    TECHNIQUES
    Trench with Recharge well
    SUB-SURFACE STORAGE
    TECHNIQUES
    FLOOD WATER
    CONSERVATION &
    RECHARGE METHODS
    • It’s a water spreading technique by which the flow length and
    retention time of water over an area is increased to facilitate
    maximum recharge to groundwater
    • Recharge basin
    • Flooding
    • Ditch and furrow
    • Channel method
    • Recharge by irrigation
    A TYPICAL RECHARGE
    BASIN
    A TYPICAL FLOOD RECHARGE
    SYSTEM
    SCHEMATICS OF A TYPICAL DITCH AND FURROWS
    RECHARGE
    SYSTEM
    Typical Ditch and Furrows Recharge
    System
    THANK
    YOU

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