(Hirarc) : Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control
(Hirarc) : Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control
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NEGLIGENCE
Before we put the blame on
GOD, we have to ask :
• Was the accident predictable?
• Was the hazard detectable?
• Was the accident preventable?
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Hand and Power Tools
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A SE The law places
C DY absolute responsibility
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THE NEED FOR HIRARC
• HIRARC is a proactive means of identifying and eliminating
hazards, and provides an acceptable standard of safety
• Legal Requirement : Ensure Safe Place of Work
• Corporate Image:Public/Customer Confidence
• Moral/Ethical Consideration: Limit Worker Injuries
• Loss Control: Prevent Accidents / Incidents -Especially When
Revenue Is Maximum And Expenses Are On The Rise, Survival
Mode Is Triggered Cut Down On Avoidable Losses!
HIRARC –Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control
are three principles used in workplaces to manage safety and
health.
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Definition
1. Hazard : A condition or practice with a potential for
accidental loss. A tiger is a hazard –It has the potential
to cause loss
2. Danger : Relative exposure to a hazard
3. Risk : The likelihood (probability) of an accident
happening because of a hazard. If there is no potential
victim, there is no risk. The nearer the person is to the
hazard, the greater the risk.
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Definition.....continued
4. Risk Assessment : Overall process of estimating the
magnitude of Risk and deciding whether or not risk is
tolerable
5. Tolerable Risk : Risk that have been reduced to a
level that can be endured by the organization
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Definition.....continued
6. Probability: The chance that a hazard will cause harm.
• Probability is often categorized as:
a. frequent (workers are frequently at risk)
b. probable (the hazard is likely to cause harm)
c. occasional (workers are occasionally at risk)
d. remote (the hazard could cause harm, but is very unlikely to do so)
e. improbable (the hazard is unlikely to ever cause harm)
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Definition.....continued
7. Severity: The seriousness of the harm that could result from
contact with a hazard.
• It is described as:
– catastrophic (death and/or severe destruction)
– critical (serious injury and/or property damage)
– marginal (minor injury and/or property damage)
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Takrif Hazard, Risiko dan Bahaya
Hazard
• apa sahaja secara sendirian atau bersaling tindak antara satu dengan
lain mampu mengakibatkan kemudaratan.
• Kemudaratan ini berbeza-beza ketenatannya, daripada yang
mengakibatkan kematian sehinggalah kepada kecederaan kecil.
• “Occupational Safety and Health Assessment Series 18002” (OHSAS
18002) dan ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999 mentakrifkan hazard sebagai punca
atau keadaan yang mempunyai potensi mengakibatkan kemudaratan
dalam konteks kecederaan dan penyakit kepada manusia, kerosakan harta
benda, kerosakan sekitaran tempat kerja, atau gabungannya.
• Contoh-contoh hazard: Bahan kimia, sinaran, elektrik, biohazard, sistem
kerja tidak selamat
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Risiko
• OHSAS 18002, risiko adalah gabungan kemungkinan (kebarangkalian) dan
akibat sesuatu peristiwa berhazard berlaku.
• Risiko juga boleh ditakrifkan sebagai gabungan-gabungan faktor-faktor
kebarangkalian berlakunya peristiwa malang, dedahan dan impak
kemalangan tersebut.
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Bahaya
• Bahaya lebih menerangkan dedahan relatif seseorang kepada
hazard.
• Perkataan ini lebih bersifat perkataan yang menerangkan
atau menunjukan sesuatu keadaan risiko. Misalnya,
seseorang yang sentiasa terdedah kepada hazard berada di
dalam keadaan lebih berbahaya berbanding dengan
seseorang yang tidak terdedah kepada hazard.
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Perhubungan di antara hazard, risiko dan
bahaya
Contoh
• Asid hidroklorik pekat adalah hazard kimia kerana sifat
intrinsik korosifnya yang berpotensi mengakibatkan
kemudaratan kepada kesihatan manusia dan kerosakan
kepada sesetengah bahan.
• Risiko percikan asid ke muka pekerja adalah tinggi bagi
mereka yang tidak memakai perisai muka berbanding dengan
mereka yang memakainya.
• Bahaya jika mempipet asid dengan hidroklorik dengan mulut.
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WHAT IS A HAZARD?
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What is the HAZARD,
& what is the RISK
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What is the HAZARD,
& what is the RISK
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WHAT ARE HAZARDS?
Anything with a potential to cause harm!
1.MATERIAL / SUBSTANCE
2.EQUIPMENT
3.ENERGY
4.SITUATION
5.ACTIVITY
6.DESIGN
7.MAN
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HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
3. BIOLOGICAL
4. PYSCHOSOCIAL
5. ERGONOMIC
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HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
1. PHYSICAL
•NOISE
2. CHEMICAL •HEAT, HOT SURFACES
•RADIATION
3. BIOLOGICAL
•VIBRATION
4. PYSCHOSOCIAL •PRESSURE
5. ERGONOMIC •MACHINERY
•ELECTRICITY 25
Unsafe Use of Electricity
• Faulty Electrical Appliances
• Faulty Three-Pin Plugs
• llegal Extensions
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THE WATER HEATER
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HUSBAND AND WIFE ...
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ELCB / GFCI
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HAZARDS IN THE
WORKPLACE
1. PHYSICAL CHEMICAL HAZARDS
•GASES, VAPOURS painting
2. CHEMICAL • ACIDS, ALKALI
• POISONS
3. BIOLOGICAL
-CARCINOGEN
-GENETIC POISONS
4. PYSCHOSOCIAL
• AEROSOLS
• IRRITANTS cleaning with
5. ERGONOMIC diesel
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CHEMICALS :
Modes of Entry
●Ingestion
●Injection
●Inhalation
●Contact with eye, nose,
throat & skin
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CHEMICAL HAZARDS
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HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
1. PHYSICAL BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
• LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA -BACTERIA
4. PYSCHOSOCIAL DERMATITIS
• FLOUR & GRAIN DUST –ASTHMA
• RHINOVIRUS -COMMON COLD
5. ERGONOMIC
• ENZYME ALCALASE -LAUNDRY DETERGENT
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[ALLERGIC -ASTHMA ]
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Alligator rips off arm
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HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
1. PHYSICAL
PSYCHO-SOCIAL PROBLEMS
2. CHEMICAL
• SOCIAL PROBLEMS
• ACCIDENTS IN WORKPLACE
3. BIOLOGICAL
• OFF THE JOB SAFETY
• JOB SECURITY : RETRENCHMENT / VSS …
4. PYSCHOSOCIAL
• MOTIVATION -LACK OF DIRECTION
5. ERGONOMIC
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HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE
1. PHYSICAL
2. CHEMICAL
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
• WORKPLACE DESIGN
3. BIOLOGICAL • LAY-OUT OF WORKSTATION
• EXCESSIVE MANUAL HANDLING-vibration
4. PYSCHOSOCIAL • DESIGN OF TOOLS
• REPETITIVE MOVEMENTS
5. ERGONOMIC
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Manual Handling
Types of Internal Injury :
• Torn ligament and muscles –back
• Damaged joints –knees, ankle, shoulder, hand
• Slipped disc, Hernia,
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Manual Handling
Factories & Machinery Act 1967
• Section 12 –“No one shall be employed to lift, carry
or move any load that could cause bodily injury.”
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Know Your Limitations
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Congested WORKSTATION
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Congested WORKSTATION
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Planning And Conducting Of HIRARC
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Purpose of HIRARC
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Planning of HIRARC Activities
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Process of HIRARC
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Hazard Identification :
Process of recognizing that a hazard exists and
defining its characteristics
The purpose of hazard identification:
• to highlight the critical operations of tasks
– those tasks posing significant risks to the health and safety of
employees
• highlighting those hazards pertaining to certain
equipment due to
– energy sources
– working conditions
– activities performed.
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• Hazards can be divided into three main groups,
i. Health hazards
ii. Safety hazards
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Health hazards
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• Health hazard include
– Chemical ( battery acid and solvents)
– biological hazards (bacteria, viruses, dusts and
molds)
– physical agents (energy sources strong enough to harm
the body, such as electric currents, heat, light, vibration,
noise and radiation)
– Work design (ergonomic) hazards.
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Safety hazards
• Safety hazards:
any force strong enough to cause injury, or damage to
property
• An injury caused by a safety hazard is usually obvious
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Photocopy
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• Examples of safety hazards
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Environmental hazards
• Environmental hazard:
a release to the environment that may cause
harm or adverse effects.
• For example, a worker who drains a glycol
system and releases the liquid to a storm
sewer may not be aware, of the effect on the
environment.
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Hazard identification technique
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Hazard identification technique.......continued
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The hazard identification and assessment
methodology
• The hazard identification and assessment methodology shall
include
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Techniques To Identify Hazards
v. failure analysis;
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Investigation
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Analyze and Estimate Risk
• Risk:
the determination of likelihood and severity of the credible
accident/event sequences in order to determine magnitude
and to priorities identified hazards.
• It can be done by qualitative, quantitative or semi
quantitative method.
In mathematical term,
risk can be calculated by the equation
Risk = Likelihood x Severity
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Likelihood is an event likely to occur within the specific
period or in specified circumstances
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Cause of injury
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Likelihood of An Occurrence
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Table A indicates likelihood using the following values
Table A
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Severity (tahap keterukan) of Hazards
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RISK ASSESSMENT
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RISK ASSESSMENT
3 CRITICALS determinations:
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RISK ASSESSMENT
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RISK ASSESSMENT
FATAL DEATH
MAJOR IRREVERSIBLE
SERIOUS REVERSIBLE
MINOR FIRST-AID
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RISK ASSESSMENT
FREQUENT DAILY
OCCASIONAL MONTHLY
SELDOM YEARLY
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RISK ASSESSMENT
Probability of Injury :
FREQUENCY X SEVERITY
UNLIKELY
POSSIBLE
HIGH
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• An example of risk matrix (Table C) is shown below:
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The relative risk value can be used to prioritize necessary actions to effectively
manage work place hazards. Table D determines priority based on the
following ranges:
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SUMMARY: IDENTIFYING OSH HAZARD & RISK
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Hierarchy of Risk Control (1)
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Hierarchy of Risk Control …..continued
2. Substitution
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Hierarchy of Risk Control …..continued
4. ENGINEERING CONTROL
Concerned
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Hierarchy of Risk Control …..continued
4. ENGINEERING CONTROL
Solution
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Hierarchy of Risk Control …..continued
5. ADMINISTRATION CONTROL
• Education,
• Training,
i. Formal (Theory, Classroom, etc.)
ii. Un-formal (On-the-job Training, Signboards,
SOP, etc.)
iii. Awareness (Campaign, competition, etc.)
• Supervisions
• Recognitions & Rewards
• Enforcement & Punishment
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4 TIPS 4 A SAFE WORKER
S SUPERVISED
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Hierarchy of Risk Control …..continued
6. PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
1. Basic PPE
i. Safety Shoes
ii. Safety Helmet
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6. PERSONAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT
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Safety video
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