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  • Pathophysiology Graves Disease: Begum Bilqees Sultana Institute of Nursing

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    Azra Baloch
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    This document provides an overview of Graves disease, including its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, etiology, risk factors, and management. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, affecting females more than males, and is caused by autoantibodies that bind to and activate the thyrotropin receptor, causing autonomous thyroid hormone production. Signs and symptoms include difficulty sleeping, eye inflammation, fast heartbeat, fatigue, tremors, and weight loss. While the cause is unknown, risk factors include family history, sex, age, and other autoimmune disorders. Treatment may include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, or surgery to remove part of the thyroid gland.

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    Pathophysiology

    Original Title

    Grave's Disease

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    This document provides an overview of Graves disease, including its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, etiology, risk factors, and management. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, affecting females more than males, and is caused by autoantibodies that bind to and activate the thyrotropin receptor, causing autonomous thyroid hormone production. Signs and symptoms include difficulty sleeping, eye inflammation, fast heartbeat, fatigue, tremors, and weight loss. While the cause is unknown, risk factors include family history, sex, age, and other autoimmune disorders. Treatment may include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, or surgery to remove part of the thyroid gland.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    33 views14 pages

    Pathophysiology Graves Disease: Begum Bilqees Sultana Institute of Nursing

    Uploaded by

    Azra Baloch
    This document provides an overview of Graves disease, including its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, etiology, risk factors, and management. Graves disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, affecting females more than males, and is caused by autoantibodies that bind to and activate the thyrotropin receptor, causing autonomous thyroid hormone production. Signs and symptoms include difficulty sleeping, eye inflammation, fast heartbeat, fatigue, tremors, and weight loss. While the cause is unknown, risk factors include family history, sex, age, and other autoimmune disorders. Treatment may include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, or surgery to remove part of the thyroid gland.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Begum Bilqees Sultana institute of Nursing

    Pathophysiology
    Graves Disease
    2nd year 4th Semester Bsn
    Azra Baloch (09)

    Assigned By
    Sir Saifullah Mhar
    Objectives

    At the end of this presentation students will be


    able to
     Define graves Disease
     Discuss the pathophysiology of graves disease
     Enlist the clinical manifestations of graves disease
     Discuss the etiology of graves disease
     Enlist risk factors of graves disease
     Management of graves disease
    Graves Disease
    Graves disease is the most common endogenous
    hyperthyroidism. it is a relatively common affecting
    females 4-5 times more commonly than males. it has
    highest incidence in 15-40 years of age .
    Pathophysiology
    Graves disease, one of the autoimmune thyroid diseases, is
    caused by the production of IgG autoantibodies directed
    against the thyrotropin receptor. These antibodies bind to
    and activate the receptor, causing the autonomous
    production of thyroid hormones.
    In some patients, Graves disease represents a part of more
    extensive autoimmune processes leading to dysfunction of
    multiple organs. Graves disease is associated with
    pernicious anemia, vitiligo, diabetes mellitus type 1,
    autoimmune adrenal insufficiency, systemic sclerosis,
    myasthenia gravis, Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid
    arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
    Clinical Manifestations
    • Difficulty sleeping.
    • Enlarged thyroid (goiter).
    • Eye inflammation that causes eyeballs to
    protrude from sockets.
    • Fast, irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia).
    • Fatigue.
    • Hand tremors.
    • Heat intolerance.
    • Irritability.
    • Muscle weakness.
    • Unexplained weight loss.
    Etiology
    Graves disease is caused by a malfunction in the
    body's disease-fighting immune system. It's
    unknown why this happens. The immune system
    normally produces antibodies designed to target a
    specific virus, bacterium or other foreign substance.
    Risk Factors
    • Family history. ...
    • Sex. ...
    • Age. ...
    • Other autoimmune
    disorders. ...
    • Emotional or physical
    stress. ...
    • Pregnancy. ...
    • Smoking.
    Medical Management
    Patients with Graves disease may be treated with
    • Antithyroid drugs
    • Radioactive iodine (RAI)
    • Surgery (near-total thyroidectomy)
    • Beta Blockers
    Nursing Management
    -Provide adequate rest.
    -Administer sedatives as
    prescribed.
    -Provide a cool and quiet
    environment.
    -Obtain weight daily.
    -Provide a high-calorie diet.
    -Administer antithyroid
    medications.
    -Prepare the client for
    radioactive iodine therapy, as
    prescribed, to destroy thyroid
    cells.
    -Prepare the client for
    thyroidectomy if prescribed.
    References
     https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15244-
    graves-disease
     Pathophysiology - Text and Study Guide Package
    Kathryn L. McCance Jun 2018
     Nursing Key Topics Review: Pathophysiology Elsevier
    Dec 2018
    Thank you :)

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