Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Comparative Models in Policing
Comparative Models in Policing
MODELS IN POLICING
BY: ELLEN B. ATAY RCRIM.
Policing- literally means “controlling, monitoring, and altering, if
required, public conduct. Its core concept is identified by its
relation with the potential use of force in ensuring obedience to
the law, within the rule of law.
DEFINITIO Comparative Police System- this refers to the science and art of
investigating and comparing the police system of nations, which
NS covers the study of their police organizations, trainings and
methods of policing.
N
EVENTS THAT Establishment of international agencies and institutions
CONTRIBUTE
Standardize system of global time
D TO THE
Global networks of communication
EMERGENCE
OF International competitions and prizes
The evolution of the “Global Village” which opened up unprecedent opportunities for transnational crime
because it has fundamentally changed the context in which both legitimate and illegitimate business operate
Growth of transnational economic transaction that complicates the ability of governments to regulate and
control monetary movements across boundaries
Rise of cosmopolitan world cities as the repositories of capital and wealth and as major facilitators of cross
border transaction which provides operation based for criminal organizations
Accessibility of consumers to information about goods and services around the world giving rise to global
marketing opportunities both licit and illicit
Increase in migration and growth of ethnic groups have facilitated in the creation of network structures for the
supply of illicit good in the global market
• In the past, the police were preoccupied solving craft local
THE CHANGING crimes. With globalization, they are now faced with highly
organized and sophisticated crimes, like terrorism, bank robbery,
ROLE OF THE drug trafficking, money laundering, and kidnap for ransom,
among others. Moreover, crimes have crossed borders. Like big
POLICE corporations, organized crimes have evolved into transnational
crimes, with operations in different parts of the world.
1. The emergence of transnational criminal activities
2. Need for transnational policing; hence cooperation among
police organizations in the world is vital
EFFECTS OF 3. Training instruction for law enforcement officers must include
the use of updated technological tools
GLOBALIZATIO 4. Development of new strategies to deal with transnational
N TO POLICING organized crime groups
5. There is a need to update laws related to law enforcement
based on the contemporary theories of crime causation
TRANSNATIONAL
CRIMES
Transnational crime is an activity that is considered a
criminal offense by at least two centuries. It is an offense
whose inception , prevention and/ or indirect effects
involves more than one country.
Hijacking
TRADITION
AL Arson
TERRORIST
Assault
TACTICS
Kidnapping
Hostage-taking
Command- the smallest group, is the top, and responsible for the
command. As in military circles, leadership makes policy and plans
while providing general direction.
BASIC
Active Cadre (military term)- they are the people who we call
ORGANIZATIO “terrorist”. They ae responsible for carrying out the mission of the
terrorist organization. They have one or more specialties.
NAL
STRUCTURES Active Supporters- They are the people who keep the terrorist in
the field. They maintain communication channels, provide safe
OF TERRORIST houses, gather intelligence, and ensure all other logistical needs are
met. This is the largest internal group in the organization.
GROUPS
Passive supporters- they complement active supporters. People
who do not readily join terrorist groups but simply represent a
favorable element of the political climate. Many times they were
used without their knowledge.
• Arabic for “The Base”; founded by Osama bin Laden,
THE AL QAEDA Muhammed Atef, and Ayman al-Zawahiri to continue the Jihad
internationally.
1. The Emir (Chief)
2. The Chief Counsel
3. Shura, or Consultation Council- this is a group of seasoned terrorist and
confidants as majilis al shura who approve major decisions such as terrorist
attacks and the issuance of fatwas (edicts). The council a members play
AL QAEDA’S
leadership roles in the organization’s major committees, made up lower-
ranking Al Qaeda members.
4. The Committees.
ORGANIZATION a. The Military Committee- oversees recruitment, war, training, and
purchase of the arms.
AL STRUCTURE b. The Islamic Study Committee- makes ruling on religious law and trains
all recruits in the teaching s of the Koran and Jihad.
c. The Finance Committee- oversees corporate holdings, including the
travel office and several other companies.
5. The Cells- the network of terrorist recruitment and training has sites
throughout the world. Each cell engages in missions independent of the
others, and the members and activities of the other cells are kept secret.