Slides On Planning
Slides On Planning
2
Specific Objectives
At the end of this teaching learning session students will be
able to :
Define planning.
Enlist and describe different type of planning .
Illustrate the planning cycle.
Explain the planning steps.
Types of Planning
1. ACCORDING TO MANAGERIAL HIERARCHY
a. Corporate Planning (Strategic Planning)
b. Tactical Planning (Divisional Planning)
c. Operational Planning (Unit Planning/Functional Planning
2. ACCORDING TO THE USE
d. Single Use Plan
e. Standing Use
3. ACCORDING TO FLEXIBILITY
f. Specific Plan
g. Flexible Plan
1.Strategic Planning
“Strategic plans are all about why things need to happen,”
Story said. “It’s big picture, long-term thinking.
It starts at the highest level with defining a mission and
casting a vision.”
Strategic planning includes a high-level overview of the
entire business.
It’s the foundational basis of the organization and will
dictate long-term decisions.
The scope of strategic planning can be anywhere from the
next two years to the next 10 years.
Important components of a strategic plan are vision,
mission and values.
2.Tactical Planning
“Tactical plans are about what is going to happen,
“Basically at the tactical level, there are many focused, specific, and
short-term plans, where the actual work is being done, that support the
high-level strategic plans.”
Tactical planning supports strategic planning. It includes tactics that the
organization plans to use to achieve what’s outlined in the strategic plan.
Often, the scope is less than one year and breaks down the strategic plan
into actionable chunks.
Tactical planning is different from operational planning in that tactical
plans ask specific questions about what needs to happen to accomplish a
strategic goal; operational plans ask how the organization will generally
do something to accomplish the company’s mission.
3.Operational Planning
“Operational plans are about how things need to happen
This type of planning typically describes the day-to-day
running of the company.
Operational plans are often described as single use plans
or ongoing plans. Single use plans are created for events
and activities with a single occurrence (such as a single
marketing campaign).
Ongoing plans include policies for approaching problems,
rules for specific regulations and procedures for a step-
by-step process for accomplishing particular objectives
ACCORDING TO THE USE
a. Single Use Plan:
They are developed to meet the needs of particular
situation.
They are prepared for non repetitive activities such as
project planning, budget planning etc.
They are used only once.
b. Standing Use Planning :
They are developed for ongoing repetitive activities
such as mission, goals, policies, procedures, rules etc.
Such plans are used over a long period of time.
ACCORDING TO FLEXIBILITY
Specific Plan
They have clearly defined objectives.
There is no ambiguity. There is no room for misinterpretation
and misunderstanding.
Specific procedures, specific budget and specific schedule of
activities are specified to reach the objective.
Flexible Plan
They are also known as directional plan.
They provide general guidelines. They do not provide specific
objectives or specific course of action.
They can be changed according to changes in the environment.
Planning Cycle :
Planning Formulation (Planning)
Planning formulation is the first step of planning in which
plan is formulated for the program.
Plan is formulated carefully in written form giving
particular attention to details.
A plan is made in written form to be implemented.
Planning formulation is the process of making the plan of
action.
Cont..
Planning Execution (Implementation)
In this step, the formulated plan is new executed in
practice.
This is the time of plan implementation.
Implementation is the process of putting the plan of
action into operation.
.
Cont..
Plan Evaluation
Planning evaluation is the process of assessing the
degree of success of a particular program and
identifying the limitations and problems, which need
timely treatment for further operation of the program.
Plan evaluation is the process of determining the
program appropriateness, effectiveness, efficiency and
success
PLANNING CYCLE (STEPS OF PLANNING)