Chapter 1 Types of Cadastre
Chapter 1 Types of Cadastre
CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA
a) Land Tenure & Registration
• The Absence of Capital City until 1886 Prevented the Beginning of
Property in Land
• The emergence of new urban land tenure structure after the
establishment of Addis Ababa as a capital city
• Menilik II who issued the country’s first urban land related proclamation at the
end of 1907, which brought legislation stating the change in ownership of the
land in the city of Addis Ababa
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Article I
I, Minilik II, Emperor of Ethiopia, have authorized my country men and foreigners, for whom 1 have given a special law,
to buy land in the town of Addis Ababa, but they must not transgress this law.
Article II
The Government shall assess the amount of money to be paid for a certain area of
Government land depending on its value.
Article III
Individual holders may sell their holdings in accordance with the provision of this law.
Article IV
All measurements of land shall be square meters. A square meter shall mean an area of land
one-meter long by meter wide.
• The 1907 First Land Related Proclamation Recognized Private Ownership
• The 1931 & 1955 first & revised Constitutions further secured Citizens the Right
to Keep the Land they Own
During Haile Sellasse I, both the 1931 constitution and the 1955 revised constitution
further guaranteed all Ethiopians the right to keep the land they own.
• Emperor Menilik who issued a decree that brought legislation to initiate the first
cadastral survey in Addis Ababa in 1909
• Thus, landowners were to be given a certificate refereed as “yrist woraqat” or
“rist-paper” to be written in Amharic and French, with a map showing the
boundaries of land.
• the emergence of modern city administration (municipalities) is a recent
phenomenon, which started around 1942
• Land registration carried out mainly for the purpose of assessing and collecting
land and building tax.
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CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA
Land Tenure & Registration Cont…
• Proclamation No. 80 of 1993 issued a Decree stating that all urban land is to be
governed by the lease policy
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CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA
▪ Registration of Subdivision
▪ Registration of Transfers
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CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA
b) Property Taxation
• The 1907 Proclamation obliges every landholder to pay an annual tax of the
assessed value
• Menilk’s Ruling regarding cadastre and land tax in the city of Addis Ababa, every
landholder was to pay an annual tax of 5 per 1000 of the assessed value of the land
• Land tax is paid based on the land area, location & land use
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• Land rent in the urban centers is simply paid based on its area and location or
grade of land. Until recently, land rent in urban centers of Ethiopia is paid in
accordance with Proclamation No.80 of 1976.
• “…the payment of the land tax has traditionally been regarded as obligation of
‘rist’ holder and evidence of ownership…”
• Later on in 1932 Emperor Hile Selassie I took steps to improve the system of land
taxation in Addis Ababa. For instance, the Decree of 1932 states that the land
within the boundary of Addis Ababa should be taxed irrespective of whether it had
title deed
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• October 1921, the government issued a notice calling on those who had not
registered their lands to do so, otherwise without a certificate they can not sell,
change, and mortgage their lands
• As a result by 1935 the registrations have been more or less completed and a total
of 45,000 certificates were issued
• the policy of the Bank of Abyssinia, which had given priority of mortgages only
for a unit of land that is registered or with title.
CADASTRE IN ETHIOPIA
c) Surveying & Mapping
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Sources of Cadastral Data
• There are two ways in which maps may be produced from primary sources:
a) Ground Survey
b) Air Survey
• Types of cadastral Data
i. Cadastral spatial data (spatial data’s of cadastral survey includes angles, distance or in a hole sense
coordinates of the corners of buildings, boundaries of the features to be survey)
It is a process of measuring, recording, creating, and making of land boundaries and also involves the physical
determination of dimensions, areas and position of land properties.
• Cadastral attribute data (type of corner, Monument, owner ship, part-ownership, type of owner ship, uses,
current activities, permits, license, rights and restrictions, land value, purchase price, taxation, legal
description, monument description, owner name, administration agency etc.)
A typical non-spatial or attribute data’s required for a cadastral survey are type of corner and other socio-
economic information.
Non-spatial data
Who is the owner of the parcel?
Where is the location of the parcel?
What is the parcel id of the parcel?
What is the over all dimension of the land i.e. area?
What is the amount of the tax paid?
Is there any dispute?
What is the acquisition type; date of acquisition and the available document?
What are the housing facilities?
What are the social problems in the area?
What are the desired service /infrastructures?
Waste disposal type?
Pollution problem type? And
What is the service of the parcel and what social infrastructures used by the house hold in the area and others are to be answered by
this project.
Requirements for cadastral survey
1. Scale
2. Identifier
3. Planimetry &
4. Reference
Fiscal
Legal and
Multipurpose cadastre
Fiscal cadaster
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LEGAL CADASTRE
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Legal cadaster - parcel-based description of interests or rights in real
property; typically supported by titles or deeds, and registry.
Functions of a legal cadastre:
o
define property rights (often in conjunction with formal and case law)
o
describe the extent (spatial, sometimes temporal) of property rights
o
support land transfer
o
provide evidence of ownership (e.g., using land as collateral/ insurance)
o
program administration (e.g., enforcement of laws, targeting of incentives)
o
public land management
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Multipurpose cadastre
• The data concerning the legal and fiscal cadastre along with information on
land use, infrastructure, buildings, soil and other factors.
• Each parcel must be assigned a unique identifier, so that all the information
can be related to the same plot.
• The basic information needed for development planning can be found from the
legal or fiscal cadastres where they are kept up to date by concerned
organizations.
• For creating special information system for planning purpose it has in many
cases proved favorable to develop cadastre into a multipurpose cadastre.
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Types of Land Survey
• All land surveying are broadly classified in to two categories-
i. Original surveys:- When a tract has not been surveyed previously or when a
new parcel is creating on a given tract,
• Original survey executed to define the size, shape and relative location of a tract
of land.
• Time saving and less expensive in its excitation.
ii.Resurveys :-establish the boundaries of a track of land in their original locations
described in the field notes or plat of previous original survey.
• The survey is guided by the description of the property based on the original
survey. There description may be in the form of originals survey notes, old deed,
or plan which has lengths and bearings.
• A resurvey of the track of land data are obtained:-
The length of each side of parcel
The angle of each corner
The find and position of accessories at each corner
From t
data
Calculated bearing of each side, referred the corners are retraced
The names of adjacent owner the area is calculated
his
a plate is drawn and
The plate is generally show a new description is
written.
There are a lot of difficulties encountered in retracing
old boundary lines. Some of them are:
• Monument indicates the object placed to mark the corner point on the surface of
the earth.
• Monuments of public land survey have included the deposit of some durable
memorial, a marked wooden stake or post, a marked stone, an iron post having
an inscribed cap, a marked tablet set in sold rock or in a concrete block, a marked
tree, a rock in place marked with a cross (X) at the exact corner point, and other
special types of markers, any of these is termed as “monument”.
Types of Monuments
i. Natural
ii. Artificial
iii. Record
iv. Legal
Types of Monuments
i. Natural monuments can be natural features such as rocks, trees, spring and so on.
Natural monuments control over artificial monuments and record monuments.
ii. Artificial monument are artificial objects such as iron pipes driven on the ground, posts of concrete
or stone, mounds of stone, wooden stakes with some more permanent material such as charcoal or
glass.
street).
It is not a practically monumental. So as exists because of a reference in the deed.
iv. A legal monument is controlling in the description. “To a concrete post” is a call to legal monument