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  • Types of Hypertension Pathophysiology Aims and Objectives Drugs Mechanism of Action Literature Review Materials AND Methods

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    Maram Ranadeep
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    This document provides an overview of hypertension and outlines the contents to be discussed, including types of hypertension, pathophysiology, drug mechanisms of action, and study objectives. It will compare the safety and efficacy of amlodipine besylate and telmisartan for treating hypertensive patients. The types of hypertension are primary (essential) and secondary. Primary hypertension develops gradually over years from environmental or genetic factors, while secondary hypertension has a clear underlying cause and appears suddenly.

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    reduce heart rate

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    HYPERTENSION

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    This document provides an overview of hypertension and outlines the contents to be discussed, including types of hypertension, pathophysiology, drug mechanisms of action, and study objectives. It will compare the safety and efficacy of amlodipine besylate and telmisartan for treating hypertensive patients. The types of hypertension are primary (essential) and secondary. Primary hypertension develops gradually over years from environmental or genetic factors, while secondary hypertension has a clear underlying cause and appears suddenly.

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    62 views14 pages

    Types of Hypertension Pathophysiology Aims and Objectives Drugs Mechanism of Action Literature Review Materials AND Methods

    Uploaded by

    Maram Ranadeep
    This document provides an overview of hypertension and outlines the contents to be discussed, including types of hypertension, pathophysiology, drug mechanisms of action, and study objectives. It will compare the safety and efficacy of amlodipine besylate and telmisartan for treating hypertensive patients. The types of hypertension are primary (essential) and secondary. Primary hypertension develops gradually over years from environmental or genetic factors, while secondary hypertension has a clear underlying cause and appears suddenly.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 14

    CONTENTS

    INTRODUCTION
    TYPES OF HYPERTENSION
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
    DRUGS MECHANISM OF ACTION
    LITERATURE REVIEW
    MATERIALS AND METHODS
    INTRODUCTION

    Hypertension is called the “Silent Killer” since it is often asymptomatic.It is


    also known as HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE . The force of blood against the
    walls of arteries is known as blood pressure. High blood pressure can lead to
    many heart diseases and it also increases the risk of heart attacks and
    strokes.
    It is very common more than 10 million cases as per year according to India.
    TYPES OF HYPERTENSION

    • There are two types of blood pressure.They are:


    1.Primary hypertension[Essential]
    2.Secondary hypertension
    • PRIMARY HYPERTENSION
    This type of high blood pressure is called essential hypertension
    tends to develop gradually over many years which may develop as a
    result of environmental or genetic causes.
    1. This form of hypertension is commonly treated with drugs in
    addition to life style changes [e.g, exercise ,proper nutrition,
    weight reduction].
    2. Essential hypertension accounts for 90-95% of adult cases, and a
    small percentage of patients[2-10%] have a secondary cases.
    • SECONDARY HYPERTENSION
    This type of high blood pressure tends to appear suddenly and cause
    higher blood pressure than does primary hypertension. Some people have high
    blood pressure caused by an underlying condition.
    • The various conditions and medications can lead to secondary hypertension
    including
    1.Kidney problems
    2.Adrenal gland tumours
    3.Certain defects in blood vessels which are congenital
    4.Illegal drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine
    5.Renal artery stenosis,chronic renal diseases,stress,sleep apnea.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
    STROKE MYOCAR
    VOLUME DIAL
    CARDIAC CONTRA
    OUTPUT CTILITY

    ARTERIAL HEART RATE


    PRESSURE
    PERIPHERAL VASCULAR
    RESISTANCE STRUCTURE
     Cardiac output and peripheral resistance are the two
    determinants of arterial pressure.cardiac output is
    determined by stroke volume and heart rate.
     Stroke volume is related to myocardial contractility and
    to the size of vascular compartment.
     Peripheral resistance is determined by functional and
    anatomic changes in small arteries and arterioles.
    MECHANISM OF ACTION OF DRUGS
    AMILODOPINE BESYLATE

     It is a second generation calcium channel blocker with


    antihypertensive properties.
     It inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium ions into heart
    muscle[myocardial smooth muscle cells] and peripheral vascular
    smooth muscle cells, there by preventing blood vessels and heart
    muscle contraction.
     This results in a dilatation of the main coronary and systemic
    arteries, decreased myocardial contractility, increased blood flow
    and oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, and decreased total
    peripheral resistance.
    TELMISARTAN
     It is known to block angiotensin(ang)II type-1 receptors (AT1R),and
    also activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ᵧ(PPARᵧ)
    signalling.
    AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
     AIM:
    Comparative study of drugs include amilodopine
    besylate and telmisartan in hypertensive patients.
    OBJECTIVE:
    Primary objective:To evaluate the safety of the
    subjects on administration of amilodopine besylate
    with telmisartan.
    Secondary objective:To determine the safety and
    efficacy.
    LITERATURE REVIEW
    S
    MAIN INCLUSION CRITERIA

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