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Hindu Literature PPT Finsl
Hindu Literature PPT Finsl
LITERATURE
OBJECTIVES:
• Identify facts and figures on India
• Discuss India’s system of government
• Trace its history since 1947 to present
• Find pleasure in discussing the general view of the
Indian Literature
• Appreciate the great Epics of India , Mahabharata,
and Ramayana
• Study the life and writings of India’s great wirters
Introduction
Hindu literature ranges from abstract philosophical texts such as the Brahmanas
and the Upaniṣads, through epic poems including the Mahabharata and the
Ramayaṇa, to the popular stories known as Puraṇas glorifying individual deities.
INDIA
• Second most populous nation after China and worlds 7th largest country
located in South Asia
• About 3,000 km (1,865 mi) wide shorelines about 7000 km (4,350 mi)
along Bay of Bengal
• India’s land frontier is shared with Pakistan on the west; With China
(Tibet), Nepal, and Bhutan on the north ; and with Bangladesh and Burma
on the east.
4. Indo-Aryan language
PEOPLE
1. The Turk-Iranian:
These types of people are found in the Frontier
Province and Beluchistan. These parts now
belong to Pakistan.
2. Indo-Aryan:
7. The Dravidian:
• July 1979 – The janata party almost break apart and Desai reassigned as
prime minister.
• May-June 1991 – During new elections Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated , his
successor as Congress-1 leader was P.V Narasimha Rao.
• 1996 – The country was shaken when the Bureau of Investigation charge 24
politicians for accepting bribes from business men in exchange for favors.
LITERATURE
• Sanskrit Literature – Oral Tradition produced the Vedic
Holy Text
2. The Sankrit Period ( 200 B.C) – distinction – epic, lyric and didactic
poetry; drama, fairy tales, fables, romance and philosophy
RELIGIOUS
WORKS
Poetry
• The Rig Veda ( The Knowledge of Hymn and Praise )
- Consits of 10, 552 verses used by the Hotri priest.
- Focus on pleasing the principal Gods Indra , Agni, Surga
and Varuna through ritual sacrifices.
Sita - Sita's father, King Janak, found her lying in a furrow on sanctified
ground and decided to raise her as his daughter. She marries Rama, and
loves him so much that she follows him into exile.
Ravana - Ravana is a rakshasa who performed penance for the God
Siva for many years, and in return received a great blessing from the
God: he cannot be killed by any God, demon, or other divine being.
Lakshmana
Son of King Dasaratha, and brother of Rama. He is deeply devoted to
his brother, whom he follows through many dangerous adventures and
quests.
Said the carpenter to his son, who was seated hard by, "My boy, there's
a mosquito stinging me on the head. Do drive it away."
"Hold still then father," said the son. "One blow will settle it.“
(At that very time the Bodhisatta had reached that village in the way of
trade, and was sitting in the carpenter's shop.)
"All right, father," answered the son, who was behind the old man's
back, and, raising a sharp ax on high with intent to kill only the
mosquito, he cleft his father's head in two. So the old man fell dead on
the spot.
Thought the Bodhisatta, who had been an eye witness of the whole
scene, "Better than such a friend is an enemy with sense, whom fear of
men's vengeance will deter from killing a man." And he recited these
lines:
It goes without saying that the monkey, fed on the various dishes that
the king gave him, grew large and was given respect by all who
surrounded the king. Indeed, the king, due to his love and exceeding
trust of the monkey, even gave him a sword to carry.
In the vicinity of the palace the king had a grove artfully planted with many
trees of various sorts. Early in the springtime the king noticed how beautiful the
grove was. Its blossoms exuded a magnificent fragrance, while swarms of bees
sang praise to the god of love. Thus overcome by love, he entered the grove
with his favorite wife. He ordered all his servants to wait for him at the
entrance.
After having pleasantly strolling through and observing the grove, he grew tired
and said to his monkey, "I want to sleep a little while in this arbor of flowers.
Take care that nothing disturbs me!" Having said this, the king fell asleep.
Presently a bee, pursuing the aroma of the flowers, betel, and musk,
flew up and lit on his head. Seeing this, the monkey thought angrily,
"What is this? Am I to allow this common creature to bite the king
before my very eyes?"
With that he proceeded to drive it away.
However, in spite of the monkey's defense, the bee approached the king
again and again. Finally, blinded by anger, the monkey drew his sword
and struck down the bee with a single blow. However, the same blow
also split the king's head.
The queen, who was sleeping next to the king jumped up in terror.
Seeing the crime, she said, "Oh, oh, you foolish monkey! What have
you done to the king who placed such trust in you?“
And I say, "It is better to have a clever enemy than a foolish friend."
Tales
“For sure some animal must be living in this big cave. Such a nice cave
cannot be empty, someone has to be there. At sunset, which ever animal
lives here, is bound to return. So, I shall hide myself inside the cave and
wait for my dinner to arrive.”
The cave was home to a jackal, who arrived, a little while after the lion
had hidden himself inside. But while entering he noticed the footprints
of the lion leading into the cave, but could not find any footprint
coming out.
He thought, “If a lion has indeed entered the cave, I will be dead as
soon as I enter. But, how can I, be sure? There is no reason for me to
stay away from my home if there is no lion inside. I must find out a way
to confirm if the lion is still inside.”
The jackal thought of a plan, and while standing in front of the cave, began to
shout, “Hello Cave! Hello Cave! Can I come inside?” For a few moments, he
waited in silence and shouted again, “Hello Cave! Have you forgotten our
understanding of all these years? I always wait for your reply before I enter.
Why are you silent today? I shall then go to some other cave if you do not
reply.”
Upon hearing this, the lion thought, “The cave must reply to the jackal when
he returns at sunset. It is, because I am inside, the cave is not replying today. So,
I must invite the jackal on behalf of the cave, or the jackal will go away.”
So, the lion replied from inside the cave, “Hello Jackal, you
may enter. It is safe inside.” But the reply was frightening
due to the echo from the walls of the cave. The jackal at
once knew that the lion was waiting for him to enter and
make a meal out of him. He ran off, as fast as he could to
save himself.
Tales
• The Sukasaptati or “
Seventy Stories of a
Parrot”
Yaksha, or divine attendant on Kubera, god of wealth, is exiled for a year from
his home in the Himalayas. As he dwells on a peak in the Vindhya range, half
India separates him from his young bride.