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The Respiratory System: Mungcal, Dharlynette RTRP
The Respiratory System: Mungcal, Dharlynette RTRP
SYSTEM
MUNGCAL,
DHARLYNETTE RTRP
LET US PRAY
“TO THE PERSON WHO PLEASES HIM, GOD
GIVES WISDOM, KNOWLEDGE AND
HAPPINESS”
-ECCLESIASTES 2:26
Table of
Contents!
3. The site of Gas
1. Overview
exchange
1. To list the major components of the upper 4. To describe the function and structure of
and lower airways the gas exchange.
● Respiratory zone
02
UPPER AND LOWER
AIRWAYS
THE AIRWAYS
Conducting airways
- are the passageways between the -It is divided into into two parts:
ambient environment and the gas
exchange units of the lungs. Upper airways
Lower airways
UPPER AIRWAYS
● Consist of the:
■ Nose
■ Oral Cavity
■ Pharynx
■ Larynx
UPPER AIRWAYS
● The primary functions of the upper airway are
.
● Air enters the nasal cavity through the two openings formed by the
septal cartilage and the alae nasi, called the nares, or nostrils.
● Initially, the air passes through a slightly dilated area called the
vestibule which contains hair follicles called vibrissae.
■ Superior
■ Middle
■ Anterior turbinates
○ nasopharynx
○ oropharynx
○ laryngopharynx
NASOPHARYNX
● is located between the posterior portion of the nasal cavity (posterior nares) and
the superior portion of the soft palate.
● When the pharyngeal tonsils are inflamed and swollen, they may completely
block the passage of air between the nose and throat.
● The openings of the eustachian tubes (auditory tubes) are located on the lateral
surface of the nasopharynx.
OROPHARYNX
● lies between the soft palate superiorly and the base of the
tongue inferiorly.
● The tonsils are the lymphatic tissue on the lateral walls of the
oropharynx that act as part of circular band of lymphoid tissue
and as a filter to protect the respiratory tract against infection.
LARYNGOPHARYNX
● Hypopharynx
● lies between the base of the tongue and the entrance of the esophagus.
● “PHONATION”
LARYNX
● Three functions:
■ thyroid cartilage
■ cricoid cartilage
■ epiglottis.
■ arytenoid
■ corniculate
■ cuneiform cartilages
● Thyroid Cartilage is the largest cartilage of the Larynx.
● The cricoid cartilage is shaped like a signet ring. It is located inferior to the thyroid
cartilage and forms a large portion of the posterior wall of the larynx.
● The paired cuneiform cartilages and corniculate cartilages are small accessory
cartilages that are closely associated with the arytenoid cartilages.
● Vocal folds
● Rima glottidis
● Vasalva’s Maneuver
LOWER AIRWAYS
● The tracheobronchial tree
● However, during vigorous exercise and the advanced stages of COPD, the accessory
muscles of inspiration and expiration are activated to assist the diaphragm.
ACCESSORY MUSCLES OF INSPIRATION
- are those muscles that are recruited to assist the diaphragm in creating a
subatmospheric pressure in the lungs to enable adequate inspiration.
● • Scalenus muscles
● • Sternocleidomastoid muscles
● • Pectoralis major muscles
● • Trapezius muscles
● • External intercostal muscles.
SCALENUS MUSCLES
● When these muscles contract, they increase the intrapleural pressure and
offset the increased airway resistance.
● The major accessory muscles of exhalation are:
-ECCLESIASTES 2:26
THANK YOU!
HAVE A GREAT
DAY!