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  • Neurocranium & Viserocranium

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    The skull is divided into two parts - the neurocranium and viscerocranium. The neurocranium consists of 8 bones that protect the brain, including the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. The viscerocranium includes 14 facial bones that give the face its shape and protect delicate facial organs. Key bones include the maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and mandible bones.

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    neurocranium & viserocranium

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    The skull is divided into two parts - the neurocranium and viscerocranium. The neurocranium consists of 8 bones that protect the brain, including the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. The viscerocranium includes 14 facial bones that give the face its shape and protect delicate facial organs. Key bones include the maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and mandible bones.

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    38 views8 pages

    Neurocranium & Viserocranium

    Uploaded by

    fmandolang
    The skull is divided into two parts - the neurocranium and viscerocranium. The neurocranium consists of 8 bones that protect the brain, including the frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. The viscerocranium includes 14 facial bones that give the face its shape and protect delicate facial organs. Key bones include the maxilla, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and mandible bones.

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    of 8

    General concepts of the

    skull
    The skull is divided into two parts.
    Osteology of Neurocranium
    • The Cranium (neurocranium)
    The neurocranium consists of 8 bones:
    • Protects the brain • The Frontal bone
    • The Facial skeleton (viscerocranium) • The parietal bones(2)
    • The Occipital bone
    • The Temporal bones (2)
    • The Sphenoid bone
    • The Ethmoid bone

    Viscerocranium

    Neurocranium
    Osteology of
    Neurocranium
    Frontal Bone
    Makes the superior part of the orbit
    The parietal bones
    There are two parietal bones-bilateral Features:
    Features: • Sagittal suture
    • The temporal lines
    • coronal suture • Inferior | superior
    • Glabella • gives attachment to the temporal fascia
    • Nasion
    • Supraorbital foramen
    • Supraorbital ridge
    • Frontal protuberance
    Osteology of
    Neurocranium
    Features:
    The occipital bone
    • The foramen magnum
    Features: • Hypoglossal canal
    • Occipital condyles • For hypoglossal nerve

    • External occipital protuberance • Clivus


    • inion • Jugular foramen
    • Superior nuchal line • Cranial nerves IX, X, and XI and the internal
    jugular vein
    • Inferior nuchal line
    • External occipital crest
    Viscerocranium
    • The face skeleton includes 14 facial
    bones (6 paired and 2 unpaired)

    • These bones include the paired 


    inferior nasal conchae, nasal bones, 
    maxillae, palatine bones, lacrimal bones
     and zygomatic bones, as well as the
    unpaired mandible, and  vomer.

    • The main functions of viscerocranium


    are to give a characteristic shape to
    the human face and to protect the
    delicate organs of the face.
    Maxilla Zygomatic bone
    The maxilla is the central, paired bone of the viscerocranium. The left • The zygomatic is an irregular paired bone of the face located at
    and right maxilla fuse in the midline to form the upper jaw. Between the upper lateral part of the face. The zygomatic bone has three
    the two maxillae lies a cranial suture called the intermaxillary suture. processes that include.
    The maxilla is made of several parts: • The most important feature of the zygomatic bone is
      the zygomatic arch. This arch is formed by the zygomatic process
    • The body of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic
    • The zygomatic process (zygomatic arch) bone. The main function of the arch is to protect the eyes from a
    • The frontal process  direct blow and to provide attachment for the masticatory muscles
    • The alveolar process (teeth socket) (temporalis and masseter).
    • The palatine process (hard palate)

    Important features of the maxilla include the infraorbital foramen, 


    maxillary sinus, and incisive foramen. The main function of the
    maxilla is to hold the upper teeth in place.
    Lacrimal bone Inferior nasal concha
    • The lacrimal bone is the smallest and the most fragile bone of the • The inferior nasal concha is the longest and broadest of the three
    viscerocranium. It is a paired oblong bone situated in the anterior conchae. In contrast to the superior and middle nasal conchae, the
    part of the medial wall of the orbit. The word 'Lacrima' is Latin for inferior nasal concha is a separate bone. 
    'tear', so the name of the bone corresponds with its relation to the • The inferior nasal concha is a bony plate located on the lateral
    nearby lacrimal structures. wall of the nasal cavity. 
    • The bone has two surfaces (lateral and medial) and four • The main function of the inferior nasal concha is to participate in
    borders (anterior, posterior, superior and inferior).  the formation of both the middle and inferior nasal
    • The main function of the lacrimal bone is to provide support for meatus. The inferior nasal meatus lies directly beneath the inferior
    the structures of the lacrimal apparatus, which secretes and drains nasal concha and is the largest space of the nasal cavity. It is
    tears. responsible for the majority of airflow direction, humidification,
    • In addition, the lacrimal bone as an attachment site for heating and filtering of air inhaled through the nose
    the orbicularis oculi muscle.
    Palatine bone Nasal bone
    • The palatine bone is a paired, L-shaped bone located posterior to the • The nasal bone is a paired, rectangle-shaped bone located
    nasal cavity. More specifically, the bone is interposed between the medial to the frontal processes of the maxillae. The left
    maxilla and sphenoid bones. The palatine bone is primarily defined and right nasal bones connect in the midline via the
    by its horizontal and perpendicular plates.  internasal suture.
    • The horizontal plate forms the posterior portion of the hard palate of • The bone has 4 borders and 2 surfaces which form a
    the oral cavity. 
    number of connections with the surrounding bones. 
    • The perpendicular plate contributes to the lateral wall of the nasal
    cavity where it borders the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. 
    • The main function of the nasal bone is to form the bridge
    • The palatine bone also contributes to a small portion of the orbital of the nose, the nasal aperture, and to protect the nasal
    floor, via the orbital process found at the superior end of the cavity from external factors
    perpendicular plate.
    Mandible Nasal bone
    • The mandible is the largest bone of the viscerocranium • The vomer is the second unpaired bone of the
    located in the inferior portion of the face, forming the lower viscerocranium situated in the midsagittal line. It is a flat
    jaw plate of bone situated vertically in the nasal cavity.
    • The mandible is composed of two main parts; a • More specifically, the superior two-thirds of the bony
    horizontal body (anteriorly) and two nasal septum is formed by the perpendicular plate of the
    vertical rami (posteriorly). On each side, the body and the ethmoid bone, while the inferior third is formed by the
    ramus are connected at the angle of the mandible. vomer. The anterior part of the nasal cavity is formed by
    • The main function of this bone is to form the contours of the the nasal cartilage.
    face (chin and jawline) and to hold the lower teeth in place

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