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  • Week3 Eth 101

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    Sabillon Jennivel
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    The document provides an overview of ethics 101 and discusses moral dilemmas. It begins by listing learning objectives related to understanding dilemmas and recognizing one's own dilemmas. It then defines a moral dilemma as a difficult choice between two or more undesirable alternatives. The document discusses three levels of moral dilemmas: personal dilemmas involving one's own or another's harm, organizational dilemmas in businesses and other groups, and structural dilemmas involving networks of institutions. An example is given for each level involving interpersonal relationships, a factory layoff decision, and a debate over increasing social security pensions.

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    The document provides an overview of ethics 101 and discusses moral dilemmas. It begins by listing learning objectives related to understanding dilemmas and recognizing one's own dilemmas. It then defines a moral dilemma as a difficult choice between two or more undesirable alternatives. The document discusses three levels of moral dilemmas: personal dilemmas involving one's own or another's harm, organizational dilemmas in businesses and other groups, and structural dilemmas involving networks of institutions. An example is given for each level involving interpersonal relationships, a factory layoff decision, and a debate over increasing social security pensions.

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    24 views22 pages

    Week3 Eth 101

    Uploaded by

    Sabillon Jennivel
    The document provides an overview of ethics 101 and discusses moral dilemmas. It begins by listing learning objectives related to understanding dilemmas and recognizing one's own dilemmas. It then defines a moral dilemma as a difficult choice between two or more undesirable alternatives. The document discusses three levels of moral dilemmas: personal dilemmas involving one's own or another's harm, organizational dilemmas in businesses and other groups, and structural dilemmas involving networks of institutions. An example is given for each level involving interpersonal relationships, a factory layoff decision, and a debate over increasing social security pensions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 22

    ETHICS 101

    VERSE OF THE DAY


    MORAL DILEMMA
    WEEK2
     At the end of lecture handout 3, the student will be able to:

    a. understand well the meaning of dilemma


    b. recognize their own dilemma and learn how to handle it.
    c. appreciate the qualities of human beings that enable them
    to have the ability to participate in a collective cognition and
    OBJECTIVES allow them to draw on the collective knowledge of humanity
    in a way no animal can.
    d. identify the three levels of dilemma
    e. learn how Cephalus defined justice how he feels it should
    be applied in real life.
     This lesson acquaints the learner of the nature of
    dilemma and its different levels. It also gives the
    learner an idea on how to recognize his/her own
    dilemma and which to choose. The key features of
    a dilemma are delineated in the lesson and a very
    INTRODUCTION detailed description of each is given. The logical
    and religious concept of why a human being is the
    only creation capable of being ethical is explained
    with evidences given by Cephalus. Furthermore,
    the role of reason and impartiality in ethics is
    discussed.
     By definition,
     dilemma is a ”situation in which a difficult choice has to be made
    WHAT IS between two or more alternatives, especially undesirable one”. Thus,
    when you find yourself facing a problem but the solutions available
    DILLEMA? to you will only create another problem or worse create more
    problems, then you are in a dilemma.
     There are two or more actions that you can
    A moral possibly do.
    dilemma is  There is a moral reason (s) for doing such
    a situation actions.
     You cannot do all the possible actions presented
    where: to you. You only need to choose one.
     
     Cephalus defines justice as speaking the truth and
    paying one’s debts.
     Socrates quickly refuses this account by suggesting
    The online Standford that it would be wrong to repay certain debts- for
    Encyclopedia of example, to return a borrowed weapon to a friend
    Philosophy, in who is not in his right mind.
    discussing moral
    dilemmas, gives this  Socrates’ point is not that repaying debts is without
    example from the moral import; rather, he wants to show that it is not
    Book 1 of Plato’s always right to repay one’s debts, at least not
    Republic: exactly when the one to whom the debt is owed
    demands repayment.
     What we have here is a conflict between two moral
    norms: repaying one’s debts and protecting others
    from harm…” (“Moral Dilemmas” n.d.)
     What is common to moral dilemmas is conflict.
     In each ethical dilemma, an agent regards himself
    as having moral reasons to do each of two actions;
     but the agent cannot do both (or all) of the actions.
    In moral dilemma,
     the agent thus seems condemned to moral failure;
    no matter what he does, he will do something
    wrong, or fail to do something that he ought to do.
     In the case given by Plato, many would say that it is more important
    to protect people from harm than to return a borrowed weapon.
     Or, some would suggest that the borrowed item can be returned
    later, when the owner no longer poses a threat to others.
     It can be submitted therefore that the moral requirement to protect
    others from serious harm overrides the ethical requirement to repay
    one’s debts by returning a borrowed item even when its owner so
    demands.
     Some ethicists propose that when one of the
    conflicting moral requirements overrides the other,
    the case is not a ‘genuine moral dilemma.’
     Thus, in addition to the features mentioned above,
    in order to have a genuine moral dilemma, some
    add that it must also be the case neither of the
    conflicting moral requirements is overridden.
    Three Levels of Moral  Three Levels of Moral Dilemmas
    Dilemmas
    a. are those experienced and resolved on the
    personal level.
    b. It is when your decision in a situation where there
    is moral conflict is the cause of either your own;
    Personal that of another person; or a group of people’s

    Dilemmas- potential harm.


    c. In 1957, the philosopher, Jean-Paul Sartre
    provided a case that could exemplify a moral
    personal moral dilemma:
     Sartre tells of a student whose brother had been killed in the
    German offensive in 1940. The student wanted to avenge his
    brother and to fight forces that he regarded as evil. But the
    student’s mother was living with him, and he was her one
    Personal consolation in life. The student believed that he had
    conflicting obligations. Sartre describes him as being torn
    Dilemmas- between two kinds of morality: one of limited scope but
    certain efficacy, personal devotion to his mother; the other
    much wider scope but uncertain efficacy, attempting to
    contribute to the defeat of unjust aggressor.”
    There are many other personal moral dilemmas. If a
    person makes conflicting promises, he faces a moral
    conflict. When an individual has to choose between
    Personal the life of a child who is about to be delivered and
    Dilemmas- the child’s mother, he faces an ethical dilemma.
     
     these refer to ethical cases encountered and resolved by social
    organizations.
     This category includes moral dilemmas in business, medical field,
    and public sector.
     For example, a garment factory is not fitting its target profit. If this
    company keeps on missing its target, the factory will also not
    achieve its five-year expansion plan which will severely affect the
    Organizational factory’s future financial standing.

    Dilemmas-  One plan to solve the factory’s imminent financial crisis was to cut
    cost by laying- off some of its employees. The CEO and the
    members of the board now need to decide.
     Should they lay off the people who work for them to save the
    factory? Or keep the people working or just find other means to
    hopefully increase profit and prevent their financial crisis in the
    future?
    In public sector, government leaders and employees have a moral
    duty to
    Organizational  act in a manner that is fair and unbiased, that is loyal to the public by
    Dilemmas- putting public interest before personal gain, and that fulfills duties of
    competency, integrity, accountability, and transparency. In fulfilling
    these responsibilities, public officials may encounter foreseeable
    moral dilemmas.
    These dilemmas include whether or not to favor family, friends, or
    campaign contributors over other constituents; favoring the agenda of
    one’s political party over a policy one believes to be good for the
    community; dealing with conflicting public duties inherent in serving
    both as a council member and as a member of an agency or
    commission;
    Organizational resigning from organizations in which membership may give rise to
    Dilemmas- future conflicts; becoming a whistle blower even if it means potentially
    derailing a policy objective one is pursuing; and accepting gifts if it is
    legally permitted but creates the appearance of impropriety.
     
     these refer to cases involving network of
    Structural institutions and operative theoretical paradigms. As
    they usually encompass multi-sectoral institutions
    Dilemmas- and organizations, they may be larger in scope and
    extent than organizational dilemmas.
    a. . An example of this level of dilemma would be the controversy in
    the Social Security System in 2016. The SSS members have been
    asking for a two thousand pesos SSS pension increase. Several
    lawmakers supported the call because they see that it will benefit
    the senior citizen members.
    b. On the other hand, the SSS executive opposed it saying the
    Structural institution cannot sustain such amount in the long run, and SSS will
    go bankrupt in 2024. Being the President of the Philippines, the
    Dilemmas- final decision was in the hands of then President Benigno Aquino
    III. In the end, President Aquino vetoed the bill passed by
    Congress to hike the SSS pension because he believed “the
    stability of the entire SSS benefit system will be surely
    compromised in favor of two million pensioners and their
    dependents.
     Thank you

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