Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Skill 1-48
Skill 1-48
• READING : 27 SKILLS
• STRUCTURE : 60 SKILLS
SKILL 1: BE SURE THE SENTENCE HAS
A SUBJECT AND A VERB
YANG BISA MENJADI SUBJECT :
PRONOUN : I, YOU, THEY, WE, SHE, HE, IT
NOUN : CAR, TEACHER, STUDENT, FLOWER
NOUN PHRASE : SMART BOY, BEAUTIFUL GIRL
GERUND : READING IS MY HOBBY
KESIMPULAN :
DALAM 1 KALIMAT TIDAK BOLEH ADA 2 SUBJECT DAN 2 VERB
SKILL 2 : BE CAREFUL OF OBJECT OF
PREPOSITION
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION ADALAH KATA BENDA (NOUN) DAN KATA GANTI
(PRONOUN) YANG TERLETAK SETELAH PREPOSITION, MACAM2
PREPOSITION YAITU : IN, ON, AT, OF, FOR, WITH, BY, BESIDE, WITHOUT.
EXAMPLE :
WITH HIS FRIEND
IN THE MARKET
BY HIM
KESIMPULAN :
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION TIDAK BISA MENJADI SUBJECT.
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION BISA LEBIH DARI 1 DIDALAM 1 KALIMAT
SKILL 3 :BE CAREFUL OF APPOSITIVE
APPOSITIVE(APP) ADALAH PENJELAS/ KARAKTERNYA SUBJECT.
PATTERN !
SUBJECT, APPOSITIVE, VERB
ILHAM, A GOOD STUDENT, GETS A SCORE.
S APP V
APPOSITIVE, SUBJECT + VERB
A GOOD PLAYER OF FOOTBALL, RONALDO IS FAMOUS
APP S V
KESIMPULAN :
DIDALAM APPOSITIVE TIDAK BOLEH VERB KECUALI VERB ING DAN VERB 3 YANG
MENJADI ADJECTIVE.
YANG BISA DIPOSISIKAN DI APPOSITIVE ADALAH ADJECTIVE, NOUN, NOUN PHRASE,
VERB ING DAN VERB 3
SKILL 4 : BE CAREFUL OF PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
PRESENT PARTICIPLE (VERB ING) YANG BISA DIFUNGSIKAN SEBAGAI ADJECTIVE
DAN VERB
KETIKA PRESENT PARTICIPLE MENJADI VERB :
HE IS TALKING TO HIS FRIEND
V
KETIKA PRESENT PARTICIPLE MENJADI ADJECTIVE :
HE TALKING TO HIS FRIEND HAS MANY CARS
ADJ V
KESIMPULAN :
• KETIKA PRESENT PARTICIPLE (VERB ING) MENJADI VERB HARUS DITEMANI OLEH
“ TO BE” (IS,AM,ARE,WAS,WERE) DAN TIDAK BOLEH ADA VERB YANG LAIN.
• KETIKA PRESENT PARTICIPLE (V ING ) MENJADI ADJECTIVE TIDAK PERLU
DITEMANI “TO BE” DAN HARUS ADA VERB YANG LAIN
SKILL 5 : BE CAREFUL OF PAST
PARTICIPLE
PAST PARTICIPLE (VERB 3) YANG BISA MENJADI ADJECTIVE DAN VERB
KETIKA MENJADI VERB
SHE HAS WRITTEN A NOVEL
V
KETIKA MENJADI ADJECTIVE
A NOVEL WRITTEN BY HER IS MT BEST FRIEND
ADJ V
KESIMPULAN :
KETIKA PAST PARTICIPLE MENJADI VERB HARUS DITEMANI OLEH AUXILIARY (HAVE,
HAS, HAD, IS, AM,ARE, WAS,WERE) DAN TIDAK OLEH ADA VERB YANG LAIN .
KETIKA PAST PARTICIPLE MENJADI ADJECTIVE TIDA PERLU DITEMANI OLEH
AUXILIARY DAN HARUS ADA VERB YANG LAIN .
SKILL 6 : USE COORDINATE
CONNECTOR.
• MACAM2 COORDINATE CONNECTOR : AND, SO, YET, OR, BUT.
PATTERN !
SUBJECT VERB, COORDINATE CONNECTOR SUBJECT VERB
I AM STRONG, BUT YOU ARE WEAK
S V C S V
KESIMPULAN :
COORDINATE TIDAK BISA DILETAK DIDEPAN KALIMAT
OR SHE IS LATE, HE IS LATE
SKILL 7: ADVERB TIME AND CAUSE CONNECTOR
ADVERBIAL OF TIME CONNECTORS : 12 CONNECTORS
ADVERBIAL OF CAUSE CONNECTORS : 5 CONNECTORS
PATTERN 1
SUBJECT + VERB + ADVERB CONNECTOR + SUBJECT + VERB
PATTERN 2
ADVERB CONNECTOR + SUBJECT + VERB, SUBJECT + VERB
SKILL 9 : USE NOUN CLAUSE
CONNECTOR
• NOUN CLAUSE ADALAH ANAK KALIMAT YANG DIFUNGSIKAN SEBAGAI NOUN DAN BISA
BERPOSISI SEBAGAI SUBJECT DAN OBJECT.
NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTOR : WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, HOW, WHATEVER, WHENEVER,
WHOMEVER, IF, WHETHER, THAT.
PATTERN !
SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN CONNECTOR + SUBJECT VERB
I KNOW WHAT YOU BUY
S V C S V
NOUN CONNECTOR + SUBJECT + VERB + VERB
WHAT YOU SAY MAKES ME HAPPY
C S V V
C+S+V+C+S+V+C+S+VV
S+V+C+S+V+C+S+V
SKILL 10 : USE NOUN CLAUSE CONNECTOR/SUBJECT
NOUN CLAUSE YANG AKAN MENJADI CONNECTOR DAN SUBJECT.
MACAM2 CONNECTOR : WHAT, WHATEVER, WHO, WHOEVER, WHICH, WHICHEVER
PATTERN !
SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN CONNECTOR/SUBJECT + VERB
I KNOW WHO WILL COME HERE
S V C/S V
NOUN CONNECTOR/SUBJECT + VERB + VERB
WHO WILL COME HERE IS MY BOYFRIEND
C/S V V
S + V + C/S + V + C/S + V
SKILL 11 : USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTOR
• ADJECTIVE CLAUSE ADALAH ANAK KALIMAT YANG DIFUNGSIKAN
SEBAGAI ADJECTIVE DAN UNTUK MENJELASKAN NOUN DAN
PRONOUN.
ADJECTIVE CONNECTOR : WHOM (ORANG), WHICH (BENDA), THAT
(ORANG/BENDA).
SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN/PRONOUN + CONNECTOR + SUBJECT + VERB
I MISS HALIMAH WHOM AGUNG LOVES
S V PRON C S V
SUBJECT + CONNECTOR + SUBJECT + VERB + VERB
HIMMA WHOM ILHAM HATES IS CHAIRUL’S EX
S C S V V
SKILL 12 : USE ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTOR/SUBJECT
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTOR YANG AKAN MENJADI CONNECTOR
DAN SUBJECT.
ADJECTIVE CONNECTOR : WHO (ORANG),WHICH (BENDA), THAT
(ORANG/BENDA)
PATTERN !
SUBJECT + VERB + NOUN/PRONOUN + CONNECTOR/SUBJECT + VERB
SHE MISSES HIM WHO IS GOING TO BALI
SUBJECT + CONNECTOR/SUBJECT + VERB + VERB
AGUNG WHO LOVES HALIMAH IS FROM LAMPUNG
S C/S V V
SKILL 13 : REDUCED ADJECTIVE
CLAUSE
• SKILL 12 DIREDUCED OLEH SKILL 13 MENJADI SKILL 4 DAN 5
• VERB ING MAKNANYA AKTIF : ME
• VERB 3 MAKNANYA PASIF : DI/TER
SUBJECT + CONNECTOR/SUBJECT + VERB + VERB
AGUNG WHO IS BUYING HALIMAH’S SNACK IS THE HANDSOME BOY
S C/S V V
AGUNG BUYING HALIMAH’S SNACK IS THE HANDSOME BOY
S ADJ V
KESIMPULAN !
JIKA SUBJECTNYA ORANG KEMUNGKINAN MENGGUNAKAN VERB ING
JIKA SUBJECTNYA BENDA KEMUNGKINAN MENGGUNAKAN VERB 3
SKILL 15 : INVERTED SUBJECT AND VERB WITH QUESTION WORD
QUESTION WORD : WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE, WHY, WHOM, HOW.
JIKA QUESTION WORD MENJADI KALIMAT TANYA MAKA SUBJECT DAN
VERBNYA HARUS DI BALIK.
WHEN WILL YOU GO TO PARE?
QW V S
JIKA QUESTION WORD MENYAMBUNGKAN 2 CLAUSES MAKA SUBJECT
DAN VERB TIDAK PERLU DI BALIK.
I KNOW WHEN YOU WILL GO TO PARE.
C S V
SKILL 16 : INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH PLACE EXPRESSION
PLACE (NECESSARY) VERB + SUBJECT.
STRUCTURE : 40 SOAL
1-15 SOAL : 1-19 (PILIHAN GANDA)
16-40 : 20-60 (ERROR ANALYSIS)
SKILL 19 : INVERT THE SUBJECT AND VERB WITH COMPARISON
AS ADJECTIVE AS
MORE/ER ADJECTIVE THAN
KESIMPULAN :
JANGAN TERJEBAK DENGAN OOP (OBJECT OF PREPOSIITION)
SKILL 21 :
ALL
SOME OOP + VERB
MOST
HALF
THERE IS A BOOK
THERE ARE TWO BOOKS
SKILL 23 :
SOMEBODY EVERYBODY ANYBODY NOBODY
SOMEONE EVERYONE ANYONE NO ONE
SOMETHING EVERYTHING ANYTHING NOTHING
EVERY + NOUN
EACH + NOUN
KATA YANG ADA DIATAS INI DISEBUT TUNGGAL MAKA AKAN KETEMU
DENGAN VERB S/ES, IS, HAS, WAS, DOES.
EXAMPLE :
MY PHONE IS MORE EXPENSIVE THAN YOUR PHONE -BENAR
MY PHONE IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE OF YOUR PHONE -SALAH
HAVE + S : HAS
SKILL 31 : AFTER BE, USE PAST PARTICIPLE AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE
PAST PARTICIPLE : V3
PRESENT PARTICIPLE : V-ING
MACAM2 BE :
IS/AM/ARE, WAS/WERE, BEEN, BEING + V3/VING
MACAM2 MODAL : WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, SHALL, SHOULD, MAY. MIGHT DAN MUST
MODAL HARUS KETEMU VERB 1.
EXAMPLE :
SHE CAN RUN FASTER
MODAL BISA KETEMU VERB 3 TAPI HARUS MENAMBAHKAN “BE”
EXAMPLE :
THE PLANT MUST BE WATERED
ENGLISH MUST BE LEARNED
KESIMPULAN
PAST PERFECT TIDAK BOLEH KETEMU DENGAN PRESENT
DAN SEBALIKNYA
SKILL 35 : USE CORRECT TENSE WITH TIME EXPRESSION
PAST PERFECT : BY .......
SIMPLE PAST : IN.....
..... AGO
LAST .....
PRESENT PERFECT : SINCE .....
LATELY
RUMUS
PAST PERFECT : S + HAD + V3 + O
SIMPLE PAST : S + V2 + O
PRESENT PERFECT : S + HAVE/HAS + V3 + O
SKILL 36 : USE THE CORRECT TENSE WITH WILL AND WOULD
SIMPLE PRESENT AKAN KETEMU DENGAN WILL
SIMPLE PAST AKAN KETEMU DENGAN WOULD
EXAMPLE :
A : I WRITE A LETTER
P : A LETTER IS WRITTEN BY ME
KESIMPULAN :
KETIKA ACTIVE KEMUNGKINAN SUBJECT ORANG
KETIKA PASSIVE KEMUNGKINA SUBJECT BENDA
SKILL 39 : USE THE CORRECT SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUN
SINGULAR : TUNGGAL
E.G : BOOK, PERSON, CHILD, PEN
PLURAL : JAMAK
E.G : BOOKS, PEOPLE, CHILDREN, PENS
DRESSES
SKILL 40 : DISTINGUSH COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
CRITIC : PENGERITIK
CRITICISM : KRITIK
GARDENT : KEBUN
GARDENER : TUKANG KEBUN
SKILL 43 : DISTINGUSH SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS
SUBJECT OBJECT
I ME
YOU YOU
THEY THEM
WE US
SHE HER
HE HIM
IT IT
SEBELUM VERB SETELAH VERB
EXAMPLE :
KAMU DAN SAYA MENCINTAI DIA PEREMPUAN
YOU AND ME/ YOU AND I LOVE HER
DIA LAKI2 MERINDUKAN DIA PEREMPUAN DAN SAYA
HE MISSES HER AND I/HER AND ME
SKILL 44 : DISTINGUISH POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
MY + NOUN MINE
YOUR + NOUN YOURS
THEIR + NOUN THEIRS
OUR + NOUN OURS
HER + NOUN HERS
HIS + NOUN HIS
ITS + NOUN -
HARUS DI TEMANI OLEH NOUN TIDAK PERLU DI TEMANI NOUN
EXAMPLE :
I AM YOUR BOYFRIEND
YOU ARE MY ENEMY
SKILL 45 : CHECK PRONOUN REFERENCE FOR AGREEMENT
BENDA/ORANG (JAMAK) MAKA DIGANTI THEY/THEM/THEIR/THEIRS
ORANG (TUNGGAL) MAKA DIGANTI HE/SHE, HIM/HER, HIS/HER, HIS/HERS
BENDA (TUNGGAL) MAKA DIGANTI IT, IT, ITS
EXAMPLE :
HENDRA COMES TO MY PARTY AND THEY/HE ARE/IS SO HAPPY
I INVITE MY STUDENTS TO LEARN TOGETHER AND THEY WILL NOT BE LATE
I BUY 2 TELEVISIONS AND EVERYBODY LIKES THEM
SKILL 46 : USE BASIC ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB
PENGGUNAAN ADJECTIVE DENGAN BENAR :
FUNGSINYA ADJECTIVE YAITU MENJELASKAN NOUN DAN PRONOUN
EXAMPLE :
HE IS HANDSOME : ADJECTIVE MENJELASKAN PRONOUN
ADJECTIVE
HE IS HANDSOME BOY : ADJECTIVE MENJELASKAN NOUN
ADJECTIVE
PENGGUAAN ADVERB DENGAN BENAR :
FUNGSINYA ADVERD YAITU MENJELASKAN ADJECTIVE, VERB DN ADVERB
EXAMPLE :
HE SINGS BEAUTIFULLY : ADVERB MENJELASKAN KE VERB
HE BUYS VERY EXPENSIVE CAR : ADVERB MENJELASKAN KE ADJECTIVE
HE RUNS SO FAST : ADVERB MENJELASKAN KE ADVERB
SKILL 47 : USE ADJECTIVES AFTER LINKING VERB
MACAM-MACAM LINKING VERB : SEEM, APPEAR, BE, LOOK, PROVE,
FEEL, BECOME, TASTE, SMELL.
PATTERN !
SUBJECT + REGULAR VERB + ADVERB
I RUN FAST
SUBJECT + LINKING VERB + ADJECTIVE
THIS CAKE SMELL GOOD
I FEEL HUNGRY
SUBJECT + LINKING VERB + ADVERB + ADJECTIVE
SKILL 48 : POSITION ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB
POSISI ADJECTIVE HARUS SEBELUM NOUN.
SMART BOY
RED CHAIR
DELICIUOS FOOD
POSISI ADVERB
BISA DIAWAL KALIMAT : RECENTLY I FEEL BORED
BISA DI TENGAH KALIMAT : I HAVE RECENTY CALLED MY MOM
BISA DI AKHIR KALIMAT : I HAVE CALLED MY MOM RECENTLY
TAPI ADVERB TIDAK BOLEH DIANTARA VERB DAN OBJECT
EXAMPLE :
I HAVE CALLED RECENTLY MY MOM
V O