Uts - Sociological.anthropoligical - Biblical Perspective of Self

SOCIOLOGICAL PERSEPECTIVE OF SELF
WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?
“specifically “the systematic study of the
development, structure, interaction, and collective
behavior of organized groups of human beings
(https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sociology)
•Is
the examination and analysis of human relationship
and institutions.
•Itengages in the analysis and explanation of the lives
of individuals as they engage in the community and
the world (Demata-Libed, 2021).
THE SELF AS A PRODUCT OF MODERN SOCIETY AMONG OTHER
CONSTRUCTIONS
Sociologists are concerned with:
•How does society influence you?
•How do you affect society?
•Who are you as person in the community?
•“Sociology theorizes/suggests that socially formed

norms, beliefs, and values come to exist within the
person to a degree where these become natural and
normal, thus developing the person’s self-identity.”
•A “socially constructed” person is someone who is
shaped and influenced by society during their
interaction with others (Demata-Libed, 2021).
CONSTRUCTIONS
MODERNIZATION
•Has significantly changed society
•Has affected how individual builds and develops his or her self-identity
•Has improved people’s living condition
•A person is free to choose where to live, what to do, and who to be with.
BUT STABLIZED SOCIETY

•Has also decreased the traditions and traditional support systems (such
as the importance of family)
•Individualism became dominant
•Developing one’s self-identity is central (Otig and et. al., 2018).
CONSTRUCTIONS
KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNITY
1.Industrialism, the social relations implied in the extensive use of material

power and machinery in all processes of productions;
2.Capitalism, an economic system in which the means of production are
privately owned.” (https://revisesociology.com/2017/09/21/what-is-
capitalism/)
3.Institutions of surveillance, the massive increase of power and reach by
institutions, especially in government; and
4.Dynamism, the most evident characteristic of a modern society. It is
characterized as having vigorous activity and progress. Our society full of
possibilities. Everything is subject to change, and changes happen much
more rapidly than ever before in human history.
SOCIAL GROUP AND SOCIAL NETWORK
• Social group – described as having two or more people

interacting with one another, sharing similar characteristics,
and whose members identify themselves as part of the group.
Examples: family, your barkada, your classmates.
• Social Network – refers to the ties or connections that link you

to your social group (Khan Academy, WEB). Connection with
family is blood related; connection with barkadas is friendship;
connection with classmates is the common interest to learn.
SOCIAL GROUP AND SOCIAL NETWORK
Social group is either organic or rational.

• Organic group is naturally occurring and is highly influence by
your family. You join this group because your family is part of
it, in the first place and this is termed as organic motivation.
• Rational groups occur in modern societies. This is formed as

a matter of shared self-interest; people joined these groups
out of their own free will and this is called rational motivation.
MEAD AND THE SOCIAL SELF
• Much of our human learning comes from observation (Bandura, 1999).
• When we watch other people we
-learn to do things
-we learn what’s safe and what’s not
- we learn about ourselves
- we also come to understand people why they behave the way they do; what
identity they claim; and what role they play in society
• Since we can understand others and ourselves by way of observing other
people, how can we understand ourselves?
MEAD AND THE SOCIAL SELF
George Herbert Mead Theory of the Social Self.
• “His theory is based on the perspective that the self is a
product of interactions and internalizing the external (i.e.,
other people’s) views along with one’s personal view
about oneself.
• He believed the “self” is not present at birth; rather it
develop over time through social experiences and
activities.“
DEVELOPING THE SELF
Different Stages of Self-Development by Mead
1. Language – is intimately tied with self-development through shared

understanding of symbols, gestures, and sound, the language gives the
individual the capacity to express himself or herself .
2. Play – role-playing enables the person to internalize some other people’s
perspective.
3. Game stage– the individual level where not only internalizes the other
people’s perspective, but he/she also take into account societal rules and
adheres to it. The self is developed by understanding the rule, and one must
abide by it to win the game or be successful at an activity.
DEVELOPING THE SELF
TWO SIDES OF SELF: “I” AND “ME”
1. “Me” is the product of what the person has learned while interacting with
others and with the environment.
• Learned behaviors, attitudes, and even expectations comprise the “me”.
• The “me” exercises social control over the self.
• It sees to it that rules are not broken.
2. “I” is that part of the self that is unsocialized, impulsive or spontaneous

(natural).
• It is the individual’s response to the community’s attitude toward the person.
• Enables him or her to express individualism and creativity.
• Does blindly follow rules
• It understands when to possible bend or stretch the rules that govern social
interactions
DEVELOPING THE SELF
TWO SIDES OF SELF: “I” AND “ME”
• There is a constant dialogue between the “I” and “me” in social situations and
experiences. For example, the “I” aspect of a student expresses the desire to
jump or shout because she won the school competition. However, her “me”
aspect will think about the action and judge if it is appropriate to do so. The
“I” acts on impulse, and the “me” takes into account the present reality and
the possible consequences of an action.
Who I am? How people see me?
-loving -boring
-people pleaser -lazy
-caring -bossy
-fun -kind
-loyal -judgmental
-hard worker - pretty
-anxious -oldest
On the inside on the outside

ANTHROPOLOGY
• the study of people, past and present.

• the study of human beings and their ancestors through time and
space and in relation to physical character, environmental and social
relations, and culture.
(https://www.merriam-ebster.com/dictionary/anthropology)
• is the study of what makes us human.
(http://www.americananthro.org/AdvanceYourCareer/Content.aspx?
ItemNumber=2150)
• Anthropology comes from the two Greek words, anthropos, meaning “human,”
and logos, meaning “thought” or “reason.”
• Refers to the study of humans and their ancestors through time (Demata-Libed,
2021).
ANTHROPOLOGY
Four Sub-disciplines of Anthropology:
1. Archaeology – refers to the interpretation of human behavior

based on material remains
2. Cultural – explores the diversity of past and present cultures and
aspects of human society based on research conducted in the
field.
3. Biological or physical – studies the biological and behavioural
aspects of humans and their ancestors, as well as non-human
primates.
4. Linguistic – is concerned with human languages, their aspects,
and social cultural contexts across time (Demata-Libed, 2021).
ANTHROPOLOGY
A unit but unitary

Anthroplogist and professor, Katherine Ewing (1990), described the self
• as encompassing the “physical organism, possessing psychological functioning
and social attributes.”
• It portrays the “self” as implicitly and explicitly existing in the mind comprised of
pscyhological, biological, and cultural processes.
Neuroscientist Joseph LeDoux (2002) conceptualized the implicit and explicit

concept of self.
• Explicit self – is the aspect of self that you are consciously aware of
• Implicit self – the one that is not immediately available to the consciousness
(Otig and et. al., 2018)
The Self Embedded (rooted, surrounded) in Culture
How individual see themselves, how they relate to other people,
and how they relate to the environment are deeply defined by
culture.
Cultural psychologist distinguished two ways of how the self is

constructed:
1. Independent construct – is characteristic of individualistic culture
(such as in North America and Europe).
• Individualistic culture represents self as separate, distinct, with
emphasis on internal attributes or traits, skills, and values.
The Self Embedded (rooted, surrounded) in Culture
Continued
Cultural psychologist distinguished two ways of how the self is

constructed:
2. Interdependent construct – is typical of collectivist culture in East
Asia stressing the essential connection between the individual to
other people.
THE SELF EMBEDDED (ROOTED, SURROUNDED) IN CULTURE
Developmental psychologist Catherine Raeff (2010), believed that culture

can influence how you view relationships, personality traits,
achievement, and expressing emotions.
Culture – refers to the “customary behaviour and beliefs that are passed
on through enculturation” (Demata-Libed, 2021).
1. Relationships – Cuture influences how you enter into and maintain

relationships (voluntary or duty-based). In Western societies, it is
essential for a person to choose whom to marry while Eastern
societies still practice arranged marriage.
THE SELF EMBEDDED (ROOTED, SURROUNDED) IN CULTURE
2. Personality traits – Culture influences whether you value traits,

like humility, self-esteem, and so on, a well as how you perceive
hardship or how you feel about relying on others.
3. Achievement – Culture influences how you define success and
whether you value certain types of individual and group
achievement.
4. Expressing emotions - Culture influences what will affect you
emotionally, as well as how you express yourself, such as
showing your feelings in public or keeping it private.

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SOCIOLOGICAL PERSEPECTIVE OF SELF

•“Sociology theorizes/suggests that socially formed

BUT STABLIZED SOCIETY

KEY CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNITY

1.Industrialism, the social relations implied in the extensive use of material

• Social group – described as having two or more people

• Social Network – refers to the ties or connections that link you

Social group is either organic or rational.

• Rational groups occur in modern societies. This is formed as

Different Stages of Self-Development by Mead

1. Language – is intimately tied with self-development through shared

TWO SIDES OF SELF: “I” AND “ME”

2. “I” is that part of the self that is unsocialized, impulsive or spontaneous

TWO SIDES OF SELF: “I” AND “ME”

On the inside on the outside

• the study of people, past and present.

Four Sub-disciplines of Anthropology:

1. Archaeology – refers to the interpretation of human behavior

A unit but unitary

Neuroscientist Joseph LeDoux (2002) conceptualized the implicit and explicit

Cultural psychologist distinguished two ways of how the self is

Cultural psychologist distinguished two ways of how the self is

Developmental psychologist Catherine Raeff (2010), believed that culture

1. Relationships – Cuture influences how you enter into and maintain

2. Personality traits – Culture influences whether you value traits,

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