CHESS GROUP

Names:
DAVE JONES FERNANDO
ARJON BATI-ON
CHARLES MARK BAWAAN
JASPER DELLUMES
RUSSEL JAY SABIO
 CHESS ORIGIN

Chess, as we know it today, was born out of the Indian

game chaturanga before the 600s AD. The game spread
throughout Asia and Europe over the coming centuries, and
eventually evolved into what we know as chess around the
16th century. One of the first masters of the game was a
Spanish priest named Ruy Lopez. Although he didn't invent
the opening named after him, he analyzed it in a book he
published in 1561.
Chess Theory and Development Through the 19th century

Chess theory moved at a snail's pace until the mid 18th

century. In 1749, the French Master Francois-Andre
Philidor stepped onto the scene with his book titled Analyse
du jeu des Échecs. This book covered some new opening
ideas (including the defense which still bears his name),
and also contained Philidor's famous defense in rook and
pawn endgames - an endgame technique that is still used
today. Philidor's famous statement that "The pawns are the
soul of chess" was first introduced to the world in this book. 
The First World Champions and the Advent of Positional Chess

Wilhelm Steinitz never played Morphy, who had retired from

the game by the time Steinitz rose to prominence. Steinitz's
theories about the game are still widely felt today, especially
his disdain for overly-aggressive play. He preferred to
accept the popularly offered gambit pawn, and then closed
the position down in order to grind out a win. Steinitz initially
had no equal in this kind of positional play, and used it to
become the first official world champion in 1886.
 Strongest Player in our Time
Humans are also becoming stronger with the help of computers
for analysis, research, and opening theory. Nowadays, almost
every chess player uses chess engines, including current World
Champion Magnus Carlsen. Carlsen has been the reigning world
champion since defeating Viswanathan Anand in 2013, and has
remained the highest rated player in the world for a long time. He
continues his dominance, and won the first 4 tournaments he
played in 2019.  He holds the record for highest rating in history
at 2882 (attained in 2014), and currently holds a classical rating
of 2876. Many people already consider him to be the strongest
player of all time.
CHESS
RULES
Chess is played on a square board of eight rows (called ranks
and denoted with numbers 1 to 8) and eight columns (called files
and denoted with letters a to h) of squares. The colors of the
sixty-four squares alternate between light and dark, and are
referred to as "light squares" and "dark squares". The chessboard
is placed so that each player has a white square in the near right
hand corner, and the pieces are set out as shown in the diagram,
with each queen on a square that matches its color. Each player
begins the game with sixteen pieces: each player's pieces
comprise one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two
knights and eight pawns.
One player, referred to as White, controls the white pieces and
the other player, Black, controls the black pieces; White is
always the first player to move. The colors are chosen either
by a friendly agreement, by a game of chance or by a
tournament director. The players alternate moving one piece at
a time (with the exception of castling, when two pieces are
moved at the same time). Pieces are moved to either an
unoccupied square, or one occupied by an opponent's piece,
capturing it and removing it from play. With one exception (en
passant), all pieces capture opponent's pieces by moving to
the square that the opponent's piece occupies.
 Pieces
• King
•  Rook
•  Bishop
•  Queen
•  Knight
•  Pawns
•   Remaining movement rules
 KING
When a king is under direct attack by one (or possibly two) of the
opponent's pieces, the player is said to be in check. When in check,
only moves that remove the king from attack are permitted. The player
must not make any move that would place his king in check. The object
of the game is to checkmate the opponent; this occurs when the
opponent's king is in check, and there are no moves that remove the
king from attack.
The king can move only one square horizontally, vertically, or
diagonally. Once in the game, each king is allowed to make a special
double move, to castle. Castling consists of moving the king two
squares towards a rook, then moving the rook onto the square over
which the king crossed. Castling is only permissible if all of the
following conditions hold:
• The player must never have moved both the king and the
rook involved in castling.
• There must be no pieces between the king and the rook.
• The king may not currently be in check, nor may the king
pass through squares that are under attack by enemy
pieces. As with any move, castling is illegal if it would
place the king in check.
• The king and the rook must be on the same rank (to
exclude castling with a promoted pawn).
 Rook
The rook moves any number of vacant squares
vertically or horizontally (it is also involved in
the king's special move of castling).
 Bishop
The bishop moves any number of vacant
squares in any direction diagonally. Note
that a bishop never changes square color,
therefore players speak about "light-
squared" or "dark-squared" bishops.
 Queen
The queen can move any
number of vacant squares
diagonally, horizontally, or
vertically.
 Knight
The knight can jump over occupied squares
and moves two spaces horizontally and one
space vertically or vice versa, making an "L"
shape. A knight in the middle of the board has
eight squares to which it can move. Note that
every time a knight moves, it changes square
color.
 Pawns
Pawns have the most complex rules of movement: A pawn can
move forward one square, if that square is unoccupied. If it has not
moved yet, the pawn has the option of moving two squares
forward, if both squares in front of the pawn are unoccupied. A
pawn cannot move backward. When such an initial two square
advance is made that puts that pawn horizontally adjacent to an
opponent's pawn, the opponent's pawn can capture that pawn "en
passant" as if it moved forward only one square rather than two,
but only on the immediately subsequent move. Pawns are the only
pieces that capture differently than they move.
They can capture an enemy piece on either of the
two spaces adjacent to the space in front of them
(i.e., the two squares diagonally in front of them), but
cannot move to these spaces if they are vacant. If a
pawn advances all the way to its eighth rank, it is
then promoted (converted) to a queen, rook, bishop,
or knight of the same color. In practice, the pawn is
almost always promoted to a queen.
 Remaining movement rules
With the exception of the knight, pieces cannot jump over each other. One's
own pieces ("friendly pieces") cannot be passed if they are in the line of
movement, and a friendly piece can never replace another friendly piece.
Enemy pieces cannot be passed, but they can be "captured". When a piece
is captured (or taken), the attacking piece replaces the enemy piece on its
square (en passant being the only exception). The captured piece is thus
removed from the game and may not be returned to play for the remainder
of the game. The king cannot be captured, only put in check. If a player is
unable to get the king out of check, checkmate results, with the loss of the
game.
Chess games do not have to end in checkmate — either player may resign
if the situation looks hopeless. Games also may end in a draw (tie). A draw
can occur in several situations, including draw by agreement, stalemate,
 Timed Games
Games can be played with a time-limit by
setting a move time when creating a new game.
In timed games each player has a certain
amount of time available for deciding which
moves to make, and the time remaining for
each player decreases only when it is their turn
to move.
 Game Draw
A game that ends without victory for either player. Most drawn games are
draws by agreement based upon the rules. The other ways that a game can
end in a draw are stalemate, three-fold repetition, the fifty-move rule, and
insufficient material. A position is said to be a draw (or a drawn position) if
either player can, through correct play, eventually force the game into a
position where the game must end in a draw, regardless of the moves made
by the other player.
. Stalemate
. Threefold repetetion
. Fifty move rule
. Insufficient material
 Stalemate
A stalemate is a position in which the
player whose turn it is to move has no
legal move and his king is not in check.
A stalemate results in an immediate
draw.
 Threefold repetetion
The game is drawn if the same position occurs
three times with the same player to move, and
with each player having the same set of legal
moves each time (the latter includes the right to
take en passant and the right to castle).
 Fifty move rule
The fifty move rule states that
the game is drawn after fifty
moves from each side without a
pawn move or capture.
 Insufficient material
An endgame scenario in which all pawns have
been captured, and one side has only its king
remaining while the other is down to just a king or
a king plus one knight or one bishop. The position
is a draw because it is impossible for the dominant
side to deliver checkmate regardless of play.
Situations where checkmate is possible only if the
inferior side blunders are covered by the fifty-move
rule.
Health Benefits
Chess is often seen as a brain game for intellectually
gifted people as it is exercises the brain. This brain
game, popularized by World Chess Grandmaster Bobby
Fischer in the 1950s and 1960s, is widely played by
young and old people around the world today.
Unlike sports, playing chess will neither help the person
build their biceps nor tone their abs, but it benefits the
mental health for a very long time. Since many are at
their homes now, several have also chosen to play this
game as it can be played inside and does not need much
physical contact.
• Helps in recovering from a stroke or a disability
• Improves memory
• Enhance reading skills
• Develops planning and foresight
• Improves problem-solving skills
• Improves problem-solving skills
• Prevents Alzheimer's
• Increases IQ
• Exercises both hemispheres of the brain
• Stimulates brain growth
“ Chess, like love, like music,
has the power to make
people happy ”