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    This document provides an overview of theories of international relations. It discusses the objectives of studying IR theories, which are to analyze international relations problems academically and formulate foreign policy. It also outlines several key IR actors and issues, including states, intergovernmental organizations, conflicts, cooperation, economics, and foreign policy. Several theoretical perspectives in IR are introduced, such as realism, liberalism, Marxism, feminism, and constructivism. The document concludes by listing some research topics and questions in IR.

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    This document provides an overview of theories of international relations. It discusses the objectives of studying IR theories, which are to analyze international relations problems academically and formulate foreign policy. It also outlines several key IR actors and issues, including states, intergovernmental organizations, conflicts, cooperation, economics, and foreign policy. Several theoretical perspectives in IR are introduced, such as realism, liberalism, Marxism, feminism, and constructivism. The document concludes by listing some research topics and questions in IR.

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    36 views17 pages

    Topic 2

    Uploaded by

    Hamied Endrianto
    This document provides an overview of theories of international relations. It discusses the objectives of studying IR theories, which are to analyze international relations problems academically and formulate foreign policy. It also outlines several key IR actors and issues, including states, intergovernmental organizations, conflicts, cooperation, economics, and foreign policy. Several theoretical perspectives in IR are introduced, such as realism, liberalism, Marxism, feminism, and constructivism. The document concludes by listing some research topics and questions in IR.

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    of 17

    Theories of International Relations

    What is it ?
    NUR AZIZAH
    INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DEPARTMENT
    MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF YOGYAKARTA
    Course Objectives
    • International Relations theory attempts to
    provide concepts, theories and models upon
    which international relations (problems) can be
    analyzed.
    • For :
    – academic (analyze)
    – public policy (to formulate foreign policy)
    • International Relations is the study of foreign
    affairs of and relations among states (IR actors)
    within the international system
    IR Actors
    • States
    • inter-governmental organizations (IGOs),
    • Non-governmental organizations (NGOs),
    • Multinational corporations (MNCs).
    • Individu
    IR Problems
    (Hi Politics – Low Politics)
    • Conflict ; War ; Competitions
    • Cooperation
    • Economic :
    – Trade : Export – Import (Quota Import, Tariff),
    Economic Embargo
    – Valuta
    – Investment : How to attract investment
    • Foreign Policy : Travel Warning, Property
    Right Conflict
    Analysis
    • How
    • Why
    Some Perspectives in IR
    • Idealist (Liberalist)
    • Realist
    • Marxist
    • Feminist (Gender)
    • Critical
    • Constructivism
    Perspectives /Paradigms
    • Each theory is relying on different sets of
    assumptions
    • Holsti : “ international relations theories act
    as a pair of colored sunglasses, allowing
    the wearer to see only the salient events
    relevant to the theory”
    • Realism may completely different with
    liberalism, Marxism, constructivist,
    Feminism etc
    IR Perspectives /Paradigms
    • LIBERALISM
    – Liberalism covers a fairly broad perspective ranging from Wilsonian Idealism through to contemporary neo-liberal theories and the
    democratic peace thesis. Here states are but one actor in world politics, and even states can cooperate together through
    institutional mechanisms and bargaining that undermine the propensity to base interests simply in military terms. States are
    interdependent and other actors such as Transnational Corporations, the IMF and the United Nations play a role.
    – Some texts: Relevant chapters in David A. Baldwin (ed), Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, and C. Kegley
    (ed) Controversies in International Relations: Realism and the Neoliberal Challenge.
    • CRITICAL THEORY
    – Critical theory posits that all theories are for someone and for some purpose. Critical theorists seek to demonstrate the connection
    between knowledge and practice, fact and value, and make connections between the knower and the known. Recognising
    knowledge is not neutral but constitutive of interests the objective is to provide a critique of traditional problem-solving positivism
    with a commitment to emancipation and new forms of international community conducive to freedom, cooperation, and peace.
    – See the works of Andrew Linklater (e.g., 'The Achievements of Critical Theory', in Steve Smith, Ken Booth, and Marysia Zalewski
    (eds), International Theory: Positivism and Beyond).
    • CONSTRUCTIVISM
    – One of the main assumptions of a constructivist approach is that identities, norms, and culture play important roles in world politics.
    Identities and interests of states are not simply structurally determined, but are rather produced by interactions, institutions, norms,
    cultures. It is process, not structure, which determines the manner in which states interact.
    – See Alexander Wendt, 'Anarchy is What States Make of It', International Organisation, 46/2, 1992.
    • FEMINISM
    – There is a number of feminist approaches to World Politics, but all share the assumption that gender is important and it makes a
    difference that men, not women, have written the main theories and been in control of policy-making. Realism, for example, is
    seen as a gendered theory, written by men to describe an aggressive world of states controlled by men. Most feminist theories of
    world politics share the assumption that the world would be a less competitive and less violent place if women gained dominance
    in positions of power (state power and relating to knowledge).
    – See A. Tickner, Gender in International Relations, Columbia UP, 1992, and M. Zalewski, 'Feminist Theory and IR', in M. Bowker
    and R. Brown (eds), From Cold War to Collapse: Theory and World Politics in the 1980s, CUP, 1993.
    Course Description
    • Class time will be devoted to lectures,
    exercises, and discussions.
    • At the conclusion of the course students
    will demonstrate their understanding of
    various theories of international relations
    in analyzing a current problem of their
    choosing through the lenses of the
    theoretical perspectives discussed in
    class.
    Literature
    • Mohtar Mas’oed, Ilmu Hubungan
    Internasional : Disiplin dan Metodologi,
    LP3ES
    • Michael W. Doyle, G. John Ikenberry, 1997,
    New Thinking in International Relations
    Theory, Westview Press,  Boulder
    • Tickner, J. Ann (1992) ,Gender in International
    Relations: Feminist Perspectives on Achieving
    International Security.
    Research Topics in IR
    • Bangsa dan Dunia (Int System)
    • Proses Transnasional dan Interdependensi
    • Perang dan Damai
    • Kekuatan dan kelemahan suatu bangsa-pemerintahan dalam politik
    internasional
    • Politik Int dan Masyarakat Int
    • Kependudukan, SDA dan Lingkungan
    • Kemakmuran dan Kemiskinan
    • Kebebasan dan Penindasan
    • Persepsi dan Ilusi dari pemimpin negara
    • Aktifitas dan Sikap Apatisme
    • Revolusi
    • Identitas dan Transformasi
    Research Questions
    • ?
    • Bagaimana, Mengapa ……?
    – Bagaimana persepsi W Wilson terhadap perdamaian
    internasional ?
    – Bagaimana pandangan Bush AS terhadap Islam
    • Mengapa gerakan separatis Aceh mempunyai
    jaringan yang luas ?  Swedia
    – Bagaimana jaringan transnasional dari GAM ?
    – Mengapa Iran mempertahankan program nuklir
    Mengapa …. ?
    – Latar Belakang :
    • Iran mengembangkan prog nuklir
    • Berbagai Negara mengecam program nuklir Iran
    – Mengapa Iran mempertahankan program
    nuklir ?
    Ujian Sisipan
    • Apa yang dimaksud dengan TEORI
    • Fungsi Teori
    – Membantu peneliti dalam mencari jawaban
    penelitian yang dimulai dengan pertanyaan
    “Mengapa”
    • Bagaimana struktur dasar teori ?
    • Apa yang dimaksud dengan Konsep ?
    • Apa fungsi KONSEP dalam proses berteori
    Mahasiswa mampu merumuskan pokok
    pernasalahan penelitian
    - Mengapa SPOK
    • Mengapa intervensi Amerika di Timur Tengah
    tidak terlalu kuat ?
    – Kapan ?
    • Mengapa Indonesia mengadakan hubungan
    bilateral dengan Brazil ?
    – Dalam bidang apa ?
    – Kapan ?
    – Tidak significant ?
    • Mengapa Amerika memberikan hibah pesawat F
    16 kepada Indonesia pada tahun 2012 ?
    • Mengapa (Haliyu) Korean Pop dapat
    tersebar dan menjadi trend di Indonesia ?
    – Korean Pop  Musik  Kebudayaan
    – Korea  Indonesia : Diplomasi
    – Fenomena : DIPLOMASI BUDAYA

    – Teori TENTANG DIPLOMASI KEBUDAYAAN


    Beda Kejadian – Gejala
    (Fenomena)
    • Mengapa terjadi baku tembak antara
    pasukan Malaysia dengan Kasultanan
    Sulu ?
    – Konflik antara Malaysia dengan Sulu
    – Sengketa wilayah
    – SEPARATISME

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