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    Constructivist theory proposes that learning is an active process where learners construct new understandings by integrating new information with prior knowledge. Key principles are that knowledge is actively constructed by individuals and through social interactions, and that learning is based on personal experiences and interpretations. Major contributors include Piaget, who believed that cognitive development occurs through assimilation and accommodation of experiences, Vygotsky, who emphasized social and cultural influences, and Dewey, who promoted problem-solving and student-centered learning. Constructivist pedagogy focuses on discovery learning and encourages reflection, collaboration, and active meaning-making by students.

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    Constructivist theory proposes that learning is an active process where learners construct new understandings by integrating new information with prior knowledge. Key principles are that knowledge is actively constructed by individuals and through social interactions, and that learning is based on personal experiences and interpretations. Major contributors include Piaget, who believed that cognitive development occurs through assimilation and accommodation of experiences, Vygotsky, who emphasized social and cultural influences, and Dewey, who promoted problem-solving and student-centered learning. Constructivist pedagogy focuses on discovery learning and encourages reflection, collaboration, and active meaning-making by students.

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    48 views15 pages

    Constructivist Theory

    Uploaded by

    MJ Trnds
    Constructivist theory proposes that learning is an active process where learners construct new understandings by integrating new information with prior knowledge. Key principles are that knowledge is actively constructed by individuals and through social interactions, and that learning is based on personal experiences and interpretations. Major contributors include Piaget, who believed that cognitive development occurs through assimilation and accommodation of experiences, Vygotsky, who emphasized social and cultural influences, and Dewey, who promoted problem-solving and student-centered learning. Constructivist pedagogy focuses on discovery learning and encourages reflection, collaboration, and active meaning-making by students.

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    of 15

    Constructivist Theory

    Prepared by: Waffah Walid


    Constructivist Theory

    ▪ The cognitive revolution was pioneered


    by Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
    ▪ Constructivism shares many of the same principles
    as cognitive theory
    ▪ The works of Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) have also
    been crucial in the development of constructivism. 
    Constructivism meaning

    ▪ The constructivist theory, otherwise known as


    constructivism, is a learning theory that states that
    learners construct new meanings and
    understanding by integrating new information
    (learned from new experiences) with prior
    knowledge (gained from past experiences).
    Main principles of
    Constructivism
    ▪ Knowledge is actively constructed.
    ▪ Learning is an individual and social process.
    ▪ Learning is an organizational process.
    ▪ Learning is based on personal experiences.
    Main principles of
    Constructivism
    ▪ The concept of reality is based on individual
    interpretation.
    ▪ Learning is socially situated and enhanced
    through meaningful context.
    ▪ Language plays an essential role in learning.
    ▪ Motivation is key to learning.
    Types of Constructivism

    ▪ Jean Piaget's Cognitive Constructivism (1896-


    1980)
    ▪ John Dewey's Cognitive Constructivism (1859-
    1952)
    ▪ Lev Vygotsky's Social Constructivism (1896-1934)
    ▪ Bruner's Constructivist Learning Theory (1915-
    2016)
    Jean Piaget's Cognitive Constructivism
    (1896-1980)

    ▪ His theory revolves around the central idea


    that intelligence changes as children grow, and cognitive
    development happens due to biological maturation and
    environment.
    ▪ Piaget believed that knowledge could not simply emerge
    from an experience; instead, an existing structure is
    necessary to help make sense of the world. Children
    construct their understanding of the world
    via assimilation (adapting new information to fit existing
    knowledge) and accommodation (altering existing ideas
    due to new information).
    John Dewey's Cognitive Constructivism
    (1859-1952)

    ▪ Dewey adopted a constructivist approach to


    teaching and rejected the idea that learning
    should focus on repetition and rote learning. 
    ▪ He believed that education should be student-
    oriented rather than subject-oriented and that
    teaching should evoke problem-solving and original
    thinking.
    Lev Vygotsky's Social Constructivism
    (1896-1934)

    ▪ He rejected Piaget's assumption that it is possible


    to separate learning from its context and stated
    that culture is highly influential in developing
    cognitive ability.
    ▪ Vygotsky believed that without interactions with
    others, learning is restricted to what the individual
    already knows.
    Bruner's Constructivist Learning Theory
    (1915-2016)

    ▪ Bruner viewed learning as a process of discovery and


    stated that individuals build upon their knowledge through
    the organization of information within different modes of
    representation.
    ▪ The modes of representation are:
    ▪ Enactive representation (action-based)
    ▪ Iconic representation (image-based)
    ▪ Symbolic representation (language-based)
    Examples of Constructivism
    ▪ Constructivist pedagogy
    ▪ Discovery learning 
    Examples of Constructivism
    ▪ According to Siegel (2004),  the following are the main
    characteristics of constructivist learning:
    ▪ Construction - students learn how to construct meanings
    through assimilating prior knowledge and new knowledge
    to gain a new understanding.
    ▪ Active - students are active in their learning.
    ▪ Reflective - students reflect on what they already know.
    ▪ Collaborative - students construct the meaning of new
    information by discussing it with their peers.
    Benefits of Constructivism
    ▪ Children tend to enjoy themselves more, and therefore learn more,
    when they are engaged and active in the learning process.
    ▪ Learning is cemented when the process is focused on thinking and
    understanding rather than rote memorization.
    ▪ As constructivism encourages students to explore and find answers
    for themselves, it gives students a sense of ownership over their
    learning.
    ▪ Constructivist learning is a transferable skill, and students can take
    the skills they learn in the classroom out into the real world.
    ▪ Constructivism encourages students to collaborate and exchange
    ideas, promoting social and communicative skills.
    Conclusion
    Thank you!

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