DC18 M02 Updated
DC18 M02 Updated
Module 2
Connecting and
Communicating
Online:
The Internet,
Website, and Media
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Objectives Overview (1 of 2)
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Objectives Overview (2 of 2)
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The Internet (1 of 3)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxcc6ycZ73M
• The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks
that connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
Figure 2-1 People around the world use the internet in daily activities, such as accessing
information, exchanging messages, and conversing with others from their computers and mobile
devices.
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The Internet (2 of 3)
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The Internet (3 of 3)
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Connecting to the Internet (1 of 10)
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Connecting to the Internet (2 of 10)
Figure 2-2 Using a modem is one way to connect computers and mobile devices to the Internet.
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Connecting to the Internet (3 of 10)
• Wired
– Cable Internet service
– DSL (digital subscriber line)
– Fiber to the Premises (FTTP)
• Wireless
– Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
– Mobile broadband
– Fixed wireless
– Satellite Internet Service
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Connecting to the Internet (4 of 10)
• A hot spot is a wireless network that provides
Internet connections to mobile computers and
devices
Figure 2-3 You can create a mobile hot spot using a communications device
or by tethering a smartphone.
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Connecting to the Internet (5 of 10)
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Connecting to the Internet (6 of 10)
Figure 2-4 This figure shows how a home user’s request for eBay’s webpage
might travel the internet using cable Internet service.
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Connecting to the Internet (7 of 10)
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Connecting to the Internet (8 of 10)
Figure 2-5 The IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, along with the domain name for
Google's website.
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Connecting to the Internet (9 of 10)
Table 2-3 Popular TLDs
TLD Intended Purpose
.biz Businesses
.com Commercial organizations, businesses, and companies
.edu Educational institutions
.gov Government agencies
.mil Military organizations
.museum Museums and individual museum professionals
.name Individuals
.net Network providers or commercial companies
.org Nonprofit organizations
.pro Licensed professionals
.technology Technology information
.travel Entities whose primary area of activity is in the travel industry
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Connecting to the Internet (10 of 10)
Figure 2-6 This figure show how a user’s entered domain name (google.com)
uses a DNS server to display a webpage (Google, in this case).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBXQZMmiA4s&list=PLzdnOPI1iJNfMRZm5DDxco3UdsFegvuB7&index=6&t=3s
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How a Network Operates
• A network is a system of two of
more devices linked by wires,
cables, or a telecommunications
system
o Requires a combination of
hardware and software
• Some networks provide
connections to the Internet, which
requires the services of an
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
o Enables the network to
communicate with other networks
that are also connected to the
Internet
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Elements of a Connected Network
• Hub: transfers all data to all
devices(single)
• Switch: transfers data only to the
intended recipient(penerima)
• Router: device that connects two
or more networks
• Modem: communications device
that connects a communications
channel to a device
o Connects the network to the
Internet through an ISP
• Two main network types: home
and business
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Devices Necessary to Create a Network
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Physical Connections Between Networks (1
of 3)
Table 10-1: Network Topologies
Topology Details
Bus network Wires on which All devices attach to a central cable, called a bus, which carries the data. If the bus fails,
data travels to and from the the devices on the network will no longer be able to communicate.
CPU.
Ring network Data travels from one device to the next in a sequential fashion. If one device on the
network fails, communication on the network could cease to function. Ring networks are
no longer common.
Star network Each device on the network is attached to a central device such as a server or switch. If
the central device fails, the other devices will be unable to communicate. If a connected
device fails, all other devices will still be able to communicate. Two or more star
networks may be joined together using a bus to form a tree topology. Tree topologies
often are used in schools and businesses.
Mesh network All devices interconnect with each other. If a single device on the network fails, the rest
of the network will continue to function by communicating via an alternate route. Two
types of mesh topologies are a full mesh topology (each device on the network is
connected to every other device on the network) and a partial mesh technology (each
device may or may not be connected to all other devices on the network).
Wireless network A type of printer or Sends signals through airwaves, and usually do not require cables. Wireless
other device that is connected to networks tend to be more convenient and easier to set up than wired networks, but
either a wired or wireless network to can be less secure. Wireless networks make it possible to connect devices in
which you have access. locations where physical wiring is not possible or is difficult.
Intranet An internal network site A private network for use by authorized individuals. Organizations use intranets to
used by a group of people who communicate internally and can allow users to use a web browser to access data
work together. posted on webpages. Intranets are preferable when data being transferred should
not necessarily reach the Internet.
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Risks and Benefits with Using a Connected
Network
• Benefits: sharing resources without regard to
geographic location; easier communication
• Risks
o Malware can install itself without permission
and damage or steal data from a computer or
device
o Hackers can gain access to personal data
o Phishing
o Social engineering
o Denial of service (DoS) attack
▪ Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack
▪ Zombie
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How to Secure a Network
• Authentication
o User name and a strong
password
o Biometrics
• Firewall
o Hardware firewalls
o Software firewalls
• Encryption
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Following Network Standards and
Protocols (1 of 3)
Table 10-4: Network Standards
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Following Network Standards and
Protocols (3 of 3)
Table 10-5: Close-Distance Network Protocols
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The World Wide Web (3 of 5)
Figure 2-7 Many websites, such as the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention shown here, provide a mobile version that is designed specifically
for display on a mobile browser.
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The World Wide Web (4 of 5)
• A webpage has a unique address, called a web
address or URL
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Conduct Online Research
• Use specialty search engines
• Evaluate online information
Gather content from online sources(follow ethical guidelie)
• Apply information literacy standards(citation)
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Gather Content from Online Sources
Follow Ethical Guidelines
• Copying photos might violate intellectual
property rights
• A copyright gives authors and artists the legal
right to sell, publish, or distribute an original work
• Some online resources are protected by digital
rights management (DRM), which limit access
to propriety rights
• Some material is in the public domain and can
be used without permission
• The fair use doctrine allows one to use a
sentence or paragraph of text without permission
with citation to the original source
• Creative Commons (CC): a nonprofit
organization that helps content creators keep
copyright to their materials while allowing others
to use, copy, or distribute their work
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Apply Information Literacy Standards
Citing Sources
• A citation is a formal reference to a source
• Each type of information source uses a different citation
style
• Failure to cite sources, even if some of the words are
changed or paraphrased, is plagiarism
Figure 2-9 Web and mobile apps often work together, enabling you to
access your content from a variety of computers and devices.
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Types of Websites (1 of 8)
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Identify Types of Websites
Categories
Banking and Entertainment Portals
finance
Blogs Government or Retail and
organization auctions
Bookmarking Health and fitness Science
Business Information and Search sites
research
Careers and Mapping Travel and
employment tourism
Content Media sharing Website
aggregation creation and
management
E-commerce News, weather, Web apps
sports, and other and software
mass media as a service
(SaaS)
educational Online social Wikis and
networks collaboration
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Types of Websites (8 of 8)
• Web publishing is the creation and maintenance
of websites
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Explain the Pros and Cons of Web Apps
Pros Cons
Access web apps from any You must be online to use web
device with a browser and apps.
Internet connection.
Collaborate with others no Your files are more
matter their location. vulnerable(terdedah) to security
and privacy violations.
Store your work on the app’s If the web app provider has
website so you can access it technical problems, you might
anytime and anywhere. not be able to access your
work.
Save storage space on your If the web app provider goes out
device of business, you can lose your
files.
Access the latest version of the Web apps often offer fewer
app without installing updates. features and may run more
slowly than installed apps.
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Identify Secure and Insecure Websites
Secure Websites
• Use encryption to safeguard
transmitted information
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Secure (HTTPS)
• Use digital certificates to
vouch for authenticity of the
website
• Lock icon
• Requires sign-in with
username/password before
entering sensitive information
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Use E-Commerce in Business Transactions
B2B E-Commerce
• Transferring goods, services, or information between
businesses
• Pricing can vary based upon the level of service provided,
negotiated terms, and other factors
• A team of people often review and make a purchasing decision
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Define Digital Graphics
• Digital graphic: an image you
can see, store, and manipulate
on a computer or digital device
o Bitmap graphics: assign colors
to pixels
o Vector graphics: shapes,
curves, lines, and text created
by mathematical formulas
• Properties that affect quality
o Resolution
o Compression
▪ Lossy compression
▪ Lossless compression
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Digital Media File Formats (1 of 5)
Table 7-1: Common Graphics File Formats
Graphic file File extension Best use / Notes
format
Bitmap
graphics
GIF .gif (Graphics Simple web graphics and short web animations
Interchange Format) Format is limited to 256 colors; supports transparency; small file size makes it
good for websites
J P EG .jpeg or .jpg (Joint Photos on the web
Photographic Experts Images have rich colors, but discard some data to reduce file size, which can
Group) affect quality
PN G .png (Portable Network Logos, icons, and illustrations
Graphics) Images have good quality even when highly compressed; supports 16 million
colors; better quality and smaller file size than GIF
TI F .tif or .tiff (Tagged Image High-quality photos and printed graphics
File Format) Large file size is better suited for print than web use
Vector
graphics
EP S .eps (Encapsulated Logos and other illustrations that are frequently resized
PostScript) A standard format for exporting vector graphics without data loss
SV G .svg (Scalable Vector Illustrations on the web
Graphics) Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C); allows interactivity and
animation
Windows Media (.wmv) Small file size with Sharing with others and
reduced quality posting on the web
Developed by Microsoft
Figure 2-22 Many webpages use colorful graphics to convey messages. For
example, the variety of colors, images, shapes, and thumbnails on the San
Diego Zoo webpage visually separate and draw attention to areas of the
webpage, making the webpage more dynamic and enticing.
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Digital Media on the Web (4 of 8)
• An infographic is a visual representation of data
and information, designed to communicate
quickly, simplify complex concepts, or present
patterns or trends
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to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Digital Media on the Web (10 of 11)
Figure 2-25 Users can explore a VR world using a touch screen or their input
device. For example, users can explore the inside of the Gemini 7 space
capsule, located at the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Washington,
D.C., from their computer or mobile device.
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Digital Media on the Web (11 of 11)
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Using Varied Sources of Digital Media
• Use gaming systems
• Use animations across
digital media platforms
• Use graphics across
digital media platforms
• Use computer-aided
technology across digital
media platforms
• Stream digital media
Play Video
• A screen, speakers, and a video card is
required to watch video
• Media player software is required
• Digital video files are large (1 to 30 G B for each
hour of video)
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Develop Original Videos (3 of 3)
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Edit Digital Medias Files
• Video editing software allows
one to enhance and customize
video
o Most software shows the video
as a timeline with sperate tracks
for video and sound
• Audio capture and editing
software allows one to edit,
copy, and share digital audio
files
• Music production software
lets one record, compose, mix,
and edit music and sounds
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Other Internet Services (2 of 11)
Figure 2-26 This figure shows how an email message may travel from a
sender to a receiver.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBzLPmx3xTU
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Other Internet Services (3 of 11)
• An email list is a group of email addresses used
for mass distribution of a message
Figure 2-27 When you subscribe to a mailing list, you and all others in the list
receive messages from the website. Shown here is a user who receives
newsletters and alerts from FoxNews .com.
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Other Internet Services (4 of 11)
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Other Internet Services (5 of 11)
Figure 2-28 With Internet messaging services, you and the person(s) with whom
you are conversing are online at the same time. The conversation appears on all
parties' screens at the same time. Shown here is Facebook messenger.
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Other Internet Services (6 of 11)
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Other Internet Services (7 of 11)
Figure 2-29 As you type, others in the same chat room see what you have typed.
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Other Internet Services (8 of 11)
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Other Internet Services (9 of 11)
Figure 2-30 Users in an line discussion read and reply to other user’s
messages.
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Other Internet Services (10 of 11)
VoIP (Voice over IP) Enables Users To Speak To
Other Users Via Their Internet Connection
Source: Microsoft
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Other Internet Services (11 of 11)
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Netiquette
• Netiquette is the code of acceptable Internet
behavior users should follow while on the
Internet
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWMk_Zv7nB8
Figure 2-31 Some of the rules of netiquette, with respect to online communications.
Source: Microsoft
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Describe Legal and Ethical Responsibilities
of a Digital Citizen (1 of 3)
• How digital technology has
revolutionized society
• Characteristics of digital citizenship
• Describe the legal, ethical, and moral
issues caused by technology
• Describe digital inclusion and the
importance of digital access
• Describe how to create online content
without infringing on copyright
protections
or duplicated,
copied
®
or duplicated,or
or posted
st
posted to a publicly
2-104
accessible website, in whole or
to a publicly in part.
accessible website, in whole or in part.
How to be a Responsible Digital Citizen (1 of
2)
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How to be a Responsible Digital Citizen (2 of 2)