Lecture1.1 History Minor ZiaulHaq
Lecture1.1 History Minor ZiaulHaq
• July 5, 1977 Gen Zia removes Bhutto in a bloodless coup, suspending the constitution and declaring
martial law.
• He announces elections will be held in 90 days.
• But simultaneously begins a censorship regime. Political activists and journalists are arrested and
flogged in public .
• On 18 March 1978, Bhutto was declared guilty of murder and was sentenced to death.
• He appointed Martial law judges and Martial law Governors.
• Despite the dismissal of most of the Bhutto government, President Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry was
persuaded to continue in office and despite Zia's insistence to accept an extension as President,
Chaudhry resigned, and Zia took the office of President of Pakistan on 16 September 1978
ISLAMIZATION
• Domestically, Zia passed broad- ranging legislation as part of Pakistan's Islamization, acts criticized for
provoking religious intolerance.
• Committed to enforce Nizam-e-Mustafa.
• May 26, 1980 Establishment of Federal Shariat Court is announced
• Islamisation was a sharp change from Bhutto’s slogan ROTI, KAPRA, MAKAN, In Zia's view, socialist
economics and a secular-socialist orientation served only to upset Pakistan's natural order and weaken
its moral fibre.
• Most controversial measures to Islamize Pakistani society was the replacement of parts of the Pakistan
Penal Code (PPC) with the 1979 Hudood Ordinance.
• He give Zakat and Ushr Ordinance and a 2.5% annual deduction from personal bank accounts on the
first day of Ramazan.
Cont.
• Contact with Ulama and Mashaikh, prayer in congregation, respect for
Ramazan, better facilities for Hajj, reorientation of education policy,
making of International Islamic University Islamabad, enforcement of
Hudood ordinance, setting up of Sharia court, sharia bench of Supreme
court, Qazi courts, progress towards Islamic economic system, National
language and national dress, decisions about Qadianis, enforcement of
Sharia ordinance 1988.
Cont.
Order for women to cover their heads while in public was implemented in public
schools, colleges and state television. Women's participation in sports and the
performing arts was severely restricted,
He expanded Madrissa, Their number grew from 893 to 2801. They received
funding from Zakat councils and provided free religious training, room and board
to impoverished Pakistanis.
In a 1979 address to the nation, Zia criticized the Western culture and music in the
country. Soon afterwards, PTV, the national television network ceased playing
music videos and only patriotic songs were broadcast.
Cont.
• Zia ul haq supported the movement for Islamisation.
• Imposed Zakat and Ushr.
• Introduced Islamic punishments for all crimes except murder, since
Islamic laws would ensure Z.A Bhutto release .
• Give a boost to religious parties
• Banned political parties.
• This led to sectarian militancy and emergence of ethnic parties
SOVIET INVASION
• In December 1979, in the midst of the Cold War, the Soviet Army invaded
Afghanistan in order to prop up the communist government of the
People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) against a growing
insurgency.
• The Soviet Union feared the loss of its communist proxy in Afghanistan.
• At the end of December 1979, the Soviet Union sent thousands of troops
into Afghanistan and immediately assumed complete military and political
control of Kabul and large portions of the country.
Afghan Policy