Molecular Genetics
Molecular Genetics
• DNA
• RNA
3 Major Players of
Central Dogma: 3 Processes Involved:
• DNA • Replication
• RNA • Transcription
• protein • Protein
synthesis
RNA
• Ribonucleic acid Types of RNA
• Another type of
polynucleotide • mRNA
• Each nucleotide consists of:
- (C5) a pentose sugar
• tRNA
(ribose)
- A phosphate group
• rRNA
- A nitrogenous base
(G,A,C,U)
REPLICATION
REPLICATION
REPLICATION
• DNA making a copy of itself
• Complimentary bases: each
strand of DNA can be used
to make the other strand.
• Each new DNA double helix
is ½ original and ½ new.
3 STEPS OF REPLICATION
1.Unwinding and Strand
Separation
2.Adding Complimentary
Bases
3.Formation of two Identical
DNA molecules
DNA transcription
• is a process that involves transcribing
genetic information from DNA to RNA.
• The transcribed DNA message, or
RNA transcript, is used to produce
proteins.
• DNA is housed within the nucleus of our
cells. It controls cellular activity by coding
for the production of proteins.
Translation: RNA to Protein
• Involves using the mRNA as
template to determine the
sequence of tRNA, which
determines the amino acids which
will be linked together in a chain to
produce a polypeptide or protein
molecule.
What happens after STOP
codon?
• In the genetic code, a stop
codon (or termination codon) is a
nucleotide triplet within messenger
RNA that signals a termination of
translation.
• Proteins are based on polypeptides,
which are unique sequences of
amino acids.