Professional Documents
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Topic 5
Topic 5
OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH AND
HYGIENE
• Importance of Occupational Health and Hygiene
• Occupational Health Illness and Diseases
• Stress Management
• Environmental Work Hazards - Chemical, Physical,
Biological and Ergonomics
• Occupational Health Programs
Importance of Occupational Health and
Hygiene
Prevention of exposure to or contact with health hazards and control of health risks in
the workplace environment.
Address the source of problems by identifying the hazard and method of contact and
how to prevent or minimize exposure and/or its effects
Occupational Safety and Health
for Technologists, Engineers, and Managers
EIGHTH EDITION
CHAPTER
11
Stress and Safety
Occupational Safety and Health, 8e, Global Edition Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.
David L. Goetsch All Rights Reserved
Workplace Stress Defined
■ Emotions are affected in the workplace by social, occupational, environmental,
and psychological factors we perceive as threats.
– Stress is the reaction of the human body to these stimuli.
■ The amount of stress felt depends as much on the individual's ability to deal
with the external stimuli as the relative intensity of the stimuli.
■ Managers tend to view stress as an individual problem tied to the personality
and emotional makeup of the employee.
■ Employees often view stress as a problem induced by poor supervision,
unrealistic expectations, and other management shortcomings.
■ Workplace stress involves the emotional state resulting from a perceived
difference between the level of occupational demand and a person's ability to
cope with this demand.
– Considered a subjective state
■ The relation between job demands and the worker's ability to meet those
demands further influence workplace stress.
Sources of Workplace Stress
CHAPTER
20
Industrial Hygiene
and Confined
Spaces
Occupational Safety and Health, 8e, Global Edition Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.
David L. Goetsch All Rights Reserved
Overview of Industrial Hygiene
■ Dusts are various types of solid particles produced when a given type of
organic or inorganic material is scraped, sawed, ground, drilled, handled,
heated, crushed, or otherwise deformed.
– Degree of hazard depends on parent material toxicity and the size &
concentration level of the particles. (asbestos)
■ The most common causes of fumes are welding, heat treating, and
metalizing, which involve the interaction of intense heat with a parent
material. An amount of gas or vapour that smells strongly or is dangerous to
inhaled
– Heat volatilizes portions of the parent material, which then condenses as
it comes in contact with cool air.
– The result is the formation of tiny particles that can be inhaled.
Airborne Contaminants
■ Mists are tiny liquid droplets suspended in air, formed in two ways:
– When vapors return to a liquid state through condensation.
– When the application of sudden force or pressure turns a liquid into particles.
■ Gases are actually formless fluids, particularly hazardous when they fill a
confined, unventilated space.
– The most common sources are from welding and the exhaust from internal
combustion engines.
■ Certain materials that are solid or liquid at room temperature and at normal
pressure turn to vapors when heated or exposed to abnormal pressure.
– Evaporation is the most common process by which a liquid is transformed
into a vapor.
Toxic Substances Defined
CHAPTER
10
Ergonomic Hazards:
Musculoskeletal
Disorders (MSDs) and
Cumulative Trauma
Disorders (CTDs)
Occupational Safety and Health, 8e, Global Edition Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Ltd.
David L. Goetsch All Rights Reserved
Ergonomics Defined