Safe Mlotherhood Lec 2

SCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY
COURSE CODE: PHNC 417

COURSE TITLE: FAMILY HEALTH NURSING
TOP-UP
By
Judith Anaman-Torgbor
Topic: Safe Motherhood
Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
 Explain safe Motherhood
 State the goal and objectives of safe Motherhood
 Explain why safe motherhood
 Describe the six Pillars of Safe Motherhood
 List the major factors contributing to morbidity and
mortality during motherhood
 Explain the strategies to reduce maternal mortality
2
Brief Background
Why safe motherhood?
 In 2007 there were at least 3.2 million stillborn babies,
4 million neonatal deaths and more than half a million
maternal deaths globally.
 Every day in 2015, about 830 women died due to
complications of pregnancy and child birth.
 Most of these could have been prevented.
Brief History
Why safe motherhood?
 Maternal and neonatal deaths are still high and
unacceptable.
 Over half of maternal deaths are due
to preventable or treatable conditions.
 For newborns, most deaths are due to
premature birth, infections and complications of
asphyxia, again all preventable or treatable
conditions
Brief History
Any Remedy?
 The maternal morbidity and mortality can be reduced
through preventive and promotive activities, by
addressing avoidable factors that cause death.
 These are are included in safe motherhood initiatives.
Safe Motherhood
So….What is Safe Motherhood?
 It is a global effort that aim to reduce deaths and
illnesses among women and infants, especially in
developing countries
 It is an important component of Reproductive Health.
 It was launched in 1987 to improve maternal health and
reduce the number of maternal deaths by half by the
year 2000.
Safe Motherhood
What is Safe Motherhood?...cont’d
 It also means ensuring that all women receive the care
they need, to be safe and healthy throughout pregnancy
and childbirth.
 It is the ability of a mother to have safe & healthy
pregnancy & child birth.
Safe Motherhood
What is Safe Motherhood?....cont’d

 Safe motherhood covers a broad range of direct and indirect efforts
to reduce deaths and disabilities resulting from pregnancy and
childbirth.
 The direct efforts ensure that every woman has access to a full range
of high-quality, affordable sexual and reproductive health services,
especially maternal care and treatment of obstetric emergencies.
 The indirect efforts include addressing social and other conditions
that may affect women’s health.
Safe Motherhood
What is the GOAL of Safe Motherhood?
 To improve the well being of mothers through a
comprehensive approach of providing,
preventing, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative health care
Safe Motherhood
Objectives of Safe Motherhood
 To improve quality and increase access to family
planning and maternal health care services
 To educate couples to ensure they have the best chance

for a wanted and safe pregnancy
 To promote improvement of health systems for

monitoring maternal and newborn health services
Safe Motherhood
 Objectives of Safe Motherhood….cont’d
 To promote the implementation of evidence based
integrated cost-effective reproductive health
interventions with a focus on maternal and newborn
health within primary health care approach
 To conduct operations research to generate best

practices and evidence for addressing priority
reproductive health problems.
The Six Pillars of Safe Motherhood
Family Planning--- Information &
services to plan the timing, number &
spacing of Pregnancies
Antenatal Care--- For early detection &

treatment of complications of pregnancy.
Providing pregnant women with vitamin
supplements, iron tablets and vaccinations so
that they can have a healthy and strong
pregnancy
Six Pillars of Safe Motherhood…
Obstetric Care---
Provide proper knowledge & equipment to the birth
attendants & ensure emergency care for high risk and
complicated pregnancy.
Essential Obstetric and Newborn Care (EONC). Two levels:
o Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care
(BEmONC)
o Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care
(CEmONC)
Postnatal Care
 For both mother & her baby.
 Includes lactation assistance, FP services &
 management of complications of delivery
 counselling mothers about child handling, exclusive breast
feeding, etc.
 managing the danger signs and symptoms seen in both mother
and child
Post Abortion Care--- Management of complications
& FP consultation and service
 An essential element of post abortion care services is providing
the woman with a family planning method before she leaves the
facility.
 Essential Elements of Post Abortion Care (PAC) services are:
 Emergency treatment of incomplete abortion and potentially life-
threatening complications .
 Post abortion family planning counseling and services.
Six Pillars of Safe Motherhood…
STI/HIV/AIDS Control
 Voluntary Counseling &
 Testing (VCT), Prevention of
 Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT)
 Assess risk for future infection
Factors Contributing to Maternal Morbidity
and Mortality
Direct causes
 Severe bleeding
o Mostly bleeding after childbirth
o Includes antepartum, postpartum, abortion, and ectopic
pregnancy.
 Infections (Usually after childbirth)
o Includes infection of the uterus, tubes, urinary system and fetal
infection.
o Due to unhygienic delivery site and practice
and Mortality
Direct causes….cont’d
 High blood pressure during pregnancy
o Includes pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
 Complications from delivery
o Several complications can arise during the pregnancy
o Teenage pregnancy, advanced maternal age, parity, etc and
many other factors can cause complications
and Mortality
Direct causes….cont’d
 Unsafe abortion
o Common cause of maternal death
o Unsafe abortions are high in countries where abortion is not
legalized
o These factors contribute to nearly 75% of all maternal deaths.
Factors Contributing to Maternal
Morbidity and Mortality
Indirect causes
 Delays
o Delay in the decision to seek care (seeking care)
o Delay arrival at a health facility (reaching care)
o Delay in obtaining the adequate treatment (receiving
care)
 These delays contribute to increase the complication in

pregnancy and are determined by the educational status,
financial status, accessibility of health care and services, etc.
and Mortality
Indirect causes
 Accessibility
o Health services and facilities are still not
available in every knock and corner of many
countries
o Reaching health facility is often riskier in some
places
o Lack of accessibility promotes the delay
Factors Contributing to Maternal
Morbidity and Mortality
Indirect causes
 Poverty
o Poverty is the other important factor
contributing to maternal deaths
o People of rural areas do not fancy health
services
o Seeking health services often is not the
priority to those people who have to worry
about hands to mouth
and Mortality
Indirect causes
 Cultural practices
o Traditional practices often prevent individual
from seeking health care
o Cultural practices also determine the care
given to pregnant women, food practices, etc.,
o Unsafe abortion is also an example of cultural
practices.
References
• www.safemotherhood.org
• http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPIC
S/EXTHEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPULATION/EXTPRH/0
,,contentMDK:20200213~menuPK:548457~pagePK:1
48956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:376855,00.html
• Women and Health Learning Package: Safe
Motherhood: www.theNetworktufh.org

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SCHOOL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY

COURSE CODE: PHNC 417

What is Safe Motherhood?....cont’d

 To educate couples to ensure they have the best chance

 To promote improvement of health systems for

 To conduct operations research to generate best

Antenatal Care--- For early detection &

 These delays contribute to increase the complication in

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