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  • Chapter 3. Separation Techniques in Mixtures

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    Octavio II Odejar
    25 views12 pages
    The document describes 10 methods for separating mixtures based on different physical properties: 1) Mechanical separation uses properties like shape and color, 2) Magnetic separation uses magnetism, and 3) Filtration uses the state of matter to separate solids from liquids. Other methods include decanting based on density differences, distillation based on boiling points, evaporation to separate solids from liquids, density separation, centrifuging to accelerate density separation, paper chromatography using molecular polarity, and fractional crystallization as substances reach solubility limits upon cooling.

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    The document describes 10 methods for separating mixtures based on different physical properties: 1) Mechanical separation uses properties like shape and color, 2) Magnetic separation uses magnetism, and 3) Filtration uses the state of matter to separate solids from liquids. Other methods include decanting based on density differences, distillation based on boiling points, evaporation to separate solids from liquids, density separation, centrifuging to accelerate density separation, paper chromatography using molecular polarity, and fractional crystallization as substances reach solubility limits upon cooling.

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    25 views12 pages

    Chapter 3. Separation Techniques in Mixtures

    Uploaded by

    Octavio II Odejar
    The document describes 10 methods for separating mixtures based on different physical properties: 1) Mechanical separation uses properties like shape and color, 2) Magnetic separation uses magnetism, and 3) Filtration uses the state of matter to separate solids from liquids. Other methods include decanting based on density differences, distillation based on boiling points, evaporation to separate solids from liquids, density separation, centrifuging to accelerate density separation, paper chromatography using molecular polarity, and fractional crystallization as substances reach solubility limits upon cooling.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    Methods of Mixture Separation

    1) Mechanical Separation (often by hand)


    takes advantage of physical properties
    such as color and shape.

    Example: Recycling Plastic, Paper, Metal


    Methods of Mixture Separation
    2) Magnetic Separation takes advantage of
    the physical property of magnetism.

    Example:
    Separating Metals in
    a Scrap Yard
    Methods of Mixture Separation
    3) Filtration takes
    advantage of
    the physical
    property of the
    state of
    matter. A
    screen lets the
    liquid particles
    through, but
    traps the solid
    particles. Example: Filtering Coffee, Spaghetti
    A filter can
    also be used
    to separate
    solid
    particles of
    different
    sizes.
    (ex. a window
    screen, an air
    filter, a sand
    sieve)
    Methods of Mixture Separation
    4) Decanting:
    To pour off a
    liquid, leaving
    another liquid
    or solid behind.
    Takes
    advantage of
    differences in
    density.

    Example: To decant a liquid from a precipitate


    or water from rice.
    Methods of Mixture Separation
    5 ) Distillation:
    The
    separation of
    a mixture of
    liquids based
    on the
    physical
    property of
    boiling
    point.
    Example: the distillation of alcohol or oil
    A distillation tower or “still” used in
    crude oil refining
    Methods of Mixture Separation
    6) Evaporation:
    Vaporizing a
    liquid and
    leaving the
    dissolved
    solid(s)
    behind.
    Used to
    separate salt
    solutions.

    Example: Obtaining sea salt from sea water evaporation ponds


    Methods of Mixture Separation
    7) Density Separation:

    More dense components


    sink to the bottom and
    less dense components
    float. The components
    cannot be soluble within
    each other.
    Methods of Mixture Separation
    8) Centrifuge:
    Circular
    motion helps
    denser
    components
    sink to the
    bottom faster.

    Examples: The separation of blood or DNA from blood


    Methods of Mixture Separation
    9) Paper
    chromatography:
    Uses the property of
    molecular attraction
    (molecular polarity) to
    separate a mixture.
    Different molecules
    have varying molecular
    attractions for the paper
    (the stationary phase)
    vs. the solvent (the
    mobile phase)
    Example: the separation of
    plant pigments and dyes
    Methods of Mixture Separation
    10) Fractional
    Crystallization:
    Dissolved
    substances
    crystallize out of a
    solution once their
    solubility limit is
    reached as
    the solution cools.

    Examples: Growing Rock Candy or the Crystallization of a


    Magma Chamber

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