MIZO HERITAGE AND CULTURE

(Mizo hnam ziarang leh nunphung)

[Syllabus for MPSC General Studies (Mains) — General Studies I

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society)
— Unit I (2) Mizo Heritage and Culture]

H.LALDINMAWIA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF MIZO
PACHUNGA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE
(A Constituent College of Mizoram University)
Email :[email protected], Facebook : dmahlondo
MIZO HERITAGE AND CULTURE
(Mizo hnam ziarang leh nunphung)

UNIT 1 — MIZO HNAM TOBUL

UNIT 2 — MIZO KHAWTLANG INAWP DAN/INRELBAWL DAN
UNIT 3 — MIZO KHAWTLANG NUN (SOCIAL LIFE)
UNIT 4 — MIZOTE HUNPUI LEH AN CHHEHVEL NUN
UNIT 5 — MIZO HISTORY-A THIL THLENG PAWIMAWHTE
UNIT 6 — MIZO NUNPHUNG PAWIMAWH ZUALTE
UNIT – I : MIZO HNAM TOBUL

(a) Mizo \obul leh thlang tlak dan

(b) Mizoram luah \an dan
(c) Mizo tawng kalhmang leh \obul
(d) Zohnahthlak hnam hrang hrang te
(e) Mizo in lal an neih \an dan
UNIT – II : MIZO KHAWTLANG
INAWPDAN/INRELBAWL DAN

(a) Khawtlang inawp dan kalhmang

(b) Lal leh khawnbawl upate
(c) Val Upa leh Pasalthate
(d) Mipuite chanvo
(e) Zawlbuk pawimawhna
UNIT – III : MIZO KHAWTLANG NUN
(SOCIAL LIFE)
(a) Mizo te ngaihsan zawng (value system)
(b) Ral thah sawngbawl dan
(c) Nula leh tlangval inrim dan leh
inneih dan
(d) Mizo pipute sakhua
(e) Mizote eizawnna leh a kalphung
UNIT – IV: MIZOTE HUNPUI LEH
AN CHHEHVEL NUN

(a) Mizo te kut hrang hrang

(b) Mizo lam leh infiamna hrang hrang te
(c) Mizo rimawi leh zai hrang hrangte
(d) Mizote incheina
(e) Mizo in sak dan leh an hmanrua te
UNIT – V: MIZO HISTORY-A THIL
THLENG PAWIMAWHTE
(a) Indo hmingthang zual te
(b) Chhiatna thleng langsar zual te
(c) Vai run hmingthang te
(d) Vai lian leh Bristish lo luh dan
(e) Mizo literature tobul leh a than
chhoh dan
 UNIT VI — MIZO NUNPHUNG
PAWIMAWH ZUAL TE

(a) Thihna chi hrang hrang leh an sawngbawl dan

(b) Zu chi hrang hrang leh a hmanna te
(c) Pi pute ramhuai hriat dan
TEXT
UNIT – I : MIZO HNAM TOBUL

(a) Mizo \obul leh thlang tlak dan

(b) Mizoram luah \an dan
(c) Mizo tawng kalhmang leh \obul
(d) Zohnahthlak hnam hrang hrang te
(e) Mizo in lal an neih tan dan
UNIT – I: MIZO HNAM TOBUL
MIZO TOBUL lEH THLANG TLAK DAN

1. Leilung pian chhuah dan (creation myth)

(Khuazingnu, Tuihriam chanchin, lui leh tlang lo pian dan,
pi pute geography)

2. Mizo \obul (origin of mankind)

(Chhinlung — lei kua atanga lo chhuak,
Chhinlung khaw chhuak, Great Wall of China)

3. Pipute thlang tlak dan

(Engvanga thlang tla nge? Burma ramah - Chin Hillas-ah,
Shan ho hlauh vang, ei leh bar zawnna vang)
 A. LEILUNG PIAN CHHUAH DAN

— Khawvel siamtu chu ‘Khuazingnu’ an ti.

— Lei hi a rova, van tukverh a inhawng a, vanchung nula in tui an chawi

— Theirah, mihring leh rannung a siam

 LEILUNG PIAN CHHUAH DAN

TUI HRIAM CHANCHIN

Hmanlai hian leilung (land) hi a la awm lova, khawvel chu lung

leh khawrawk hlirin a khat a, chutah chuan lui pakhat ‘Tuihriam’ an
tih hi a luang a. Chu lui chu a vawt em em a, tumah a ral lehlama
hleuh kai thei an awm lo. A tawpah chuan sakuh (porcupine) hi thi
chhawngin a va hleuh kai a, ral lehlama lei chu a hmui hmawrin tlem
te a nawr a, chu chu a rawn hawn thei hram a ni, Chu lei tlem te chu
Pangchat hian a ei a, a e leh a, a ei leh a a e leh thin a, tichuan lei tam
tak a lo awm thei ta a ni. Chu lei chu ‘Chulteinu’ an tih chuan rual
takin a chul mar put mai a ni.
 LEILUNG PIAN CHHUAH DAN

LUI LEH TLANG LO PIAN DAN:

Chulneituin a lei chulmar lai takah chuan thing lian tak mai ‘Thing
vantawng’ hi a ding a. Chu thing lian tak mai chu kih tluk an rel ta a,
an han kit chu lei a lo la nem bawk si a, a kungin a delh chu lui lian a
lo ni a, a tangin a delh chu lui te niin, lui leh lui inkar te chu tlang a lo
ni ta a, leilung chu a lo piang ta a ni.
 LEILUNG PIAN CHHUAH DAN

PI PUTE GEOGRAPHY:

(1) Khawvel hi Satel lianpui chungah a innghat a, Satel a chet chang

chuan lir a nghing
(2) Khawvel hi a phek duai a, van hian belthleng angin a khuh duai
bawk a, a khuh phak chin chu a hmuar uar
(3) Khawpui ri hi Pu vana thleng hnuh ri a ni (Thlan vawng thleng)
(4) Vanchung nula in tui an chawi (ruah tur)
(5) Kawlkil tawpah sunhlu kung a awm
 MIZO TOBUL

Hetiang hian theory pathum/pali-ah a khaikhawm theih

1. Lei kua a\anga lo chhuak

2. Chhinlung khaw chhuak
3. Great Wall of China atanga lo chhuak
4. Israel hnam bo (lost tribe of Israel)
 MIZO TOBUL - I

Lei kua atanga lo chhuak /

Chhinlung chhuak :
Hmanlaiin thima zing thut a, inleh runpui a
thleng, mihring chu arsi-ah, sava-ah leh thil
dangah an chang. Anamahni siamtu
Khuazingnu chu a mangang a, hnam hrang
hrang mihring nupa tuak khat zel lain khur
thuk takah a khung a, lungin a chhin tlat a,
chu chu ‘Chhinlung’ an ti.

Chhinlungah chuan mihring an lo pung a,

Khuazingnu chuan a hawng ta a, Ralte ho an
lo chhuah chuan an bengchheng lutuk a, a
khar ta a ni.
 MIZO TOBUL - I

— Lusei leh Hmarh hian ‘Chhinlung’ an ti a

— Thado, Paite, Gante, Vaiphei te hian
‘Khul’ or ‘Khulpi’ an ti thung
— Maraho hian ‘Lei kua’ thawnthu an nei

Hmar ho folk song-ah chuan

Khaw sinlungah kot siel ang ka zuang suaka,
Mi le nello tam e, hriemi hraiah….tih a awm
 MIZO TOBUL - II

Chhinlung khawchhuak:

THEORY I : Mizo lo chhuahna bul chu Mongolian thlah Tibeto-

Burman atangin a ni a, China leh Tibet ramahte an awm a, Tibet-a an
awmlai hian Mizova a lo piang ta a ni. A unaute chu Mirua leh Marua-te
an ni. Awmhmun nghet teh chiam an nei lo va, Burma ramahte pawh an
lo awm tawh a, chumi hnuah Chinzua (Chen-Yuan)-ah an lo awm ta ni
berin a lang. Kum tam tak hnuah Sakai (Irrawaddy) lui kânin
Aupataung-ah kum A.D. 1000 vêl khân an lo awm ta a. Heta an awm
laia Mizova thlahte zínga lal pakhat chu a hming Chhìnglunga a ni a,
chuvàngin ‘Chhìnglung khua’ tih a ni thin a, tûnah chuan ‘Chhìnlung’
tih a lo ni ta.
 MIZO TOBUL - II

THEORY I : Chhìnlungah chuan

kum rei tak an awm a. Mizova
thlahte pawh an pung tam ta hle a.
Chhìnlunga chuan Thlahpa a hring a,
Thlahpa chuan Duhliana, Taichênga
leh Hrûmtunga a hring leh a.
Duhlian ho chuan Mizova tawng
pianpui chu an chhawm ta zêl a, chu
chu vawiin thlenga Lusei tawng,
Mizo tawng kan tih tâk hi a ni.
Thlahpa fate pathum Duhliana,
Taichênga leh Hrûmtunga te hi Mizo
hnam hlâwm hrang lian pui pui
pathuma thenna bul an lo ni a ta a ni.
MIZO TOBUL - II

THEORY I : Mizova thlahte chuan

Chhìnlung chu chhuahsanin Rún leh
Chindwin infinna Rúnkhâwm
(Kalewa)-ah an lo insawn leh ta a.
Rúnkhâwma an awm tirh lai hi A.D.
1200 vêl niin an ring. Rúnkhâwm
atang hian hnam hlâwm hrang lian leh
tê te pawh an lo darh ta a ni. Chûng
hnamte chu Chhìnlunga an lo awm
hma leh awm hnu leh Rúnkhâwma an
lo awm laia lo pêng chhuakte an ni
hlawm. An za chuan mahni zâwn
theuhvah thlang lo tlain Mizoram leh a
chheh vêlah an lo darh ta a ni. Chûngte
chu an zain Mizova thlah, Chhìnlung
chhuak an ni theuh a ni. (Liangkhaia)
 MIZO TOBUL - II
Chhinlunga Khawchhuak
THEORY II : China lal pakhat chuan a fapa ‘Chhinlunga’ chu a lana ram leh a In atangin
a hnawtchhuak a, chutia a pa berin a hnawhchhuah takah chuan a khaw mipui thahnem
tham tak chu khawthar kai puiin a pemchhuah pui a. Chutia khaw thar an din takah chuan,
an khua-ah chuan mi chi hrang hrang leh hnam hrang hrang an pem lut a, khaw lian leh
ropui tak, khaw upa leh mipui tam zawkna thin khua te pawh an awt bik lova, inngeih leh
lungrual takin an khawsa ho a ni. Chu an khaw dinna chu tuna Chindwin zo emaw
Awksatlang emaw vel a nih thu a sawi tel bawk.

Amaherawhchu, vanduaithlak takin an lal Chhinlunga chu a dam rei lo hle mai a, a
lana leh roluahtu tur fapa pawh nei hman lovin a thi a ni. Chutia an lalpa ber a thih takah
chuan a khaw mipuite chu tapin an rum a, a tawpah phei chuan mipui te chu hmun hrang
hrangah an pem darh ta chiam a. A then chhim lamah, a then hmar lamah, a then chhak
leh thlang lamah te an kal a, an khaw ropui tak mai pawh chu an pem darh san ta vek a ni.

Chutianga Chhinlung khua atanga lo pem darh te chuan ‘Chhinlung khaw chhuak kan
ni’ an ti thin a, chu chu ‘Chhinlung chhuak’ tiin a awlsam zawngin an sawi ta zel mai a ni.
(K.Zawla)
 MIZO TOBUL - II

Chhinlunga Khawchhuak
Chhinlung khua tia an sawi hi tuna China a Szechwan province-a khaw
pakhat Xinlong hi nia ngai an awm bawk a. He khua hi Yulung lui
kam, Yanze Kiang lui chhak lama awm a ni a. Kulh bang hlui tak tak
pawh hmuh tur a la awm.

Chhinlung khaw chhuak tih nemngheh nan Xinlong khua hi a rinawm

hle niin a taka tlawha chenchilhtu Rev. L Rema te chuan an sawi. An
khawsak phung, nunzia leh thawnthu thlengin a Mizo hle niin a sawi.
 MIZO TOBUL LEH THLANG TLAK DAN
(MIZO TOBUL)
MIZO TOBUL (ORIGIN OF MYTH) CHHUI DAN THAR:
ORAL SOURCES
Chhinlung tradition
Earth Hole tradition
Totemistic tradition
Chieftainship tradition
The lost tribe tradition (Mizo israelism)
Khampat tradition
ARCHEOLOGICAL SOURCES
Megaliths
Other stones
FORREIGN ACCOUNTS
EXISTING LITERATURE
ARCHIVAL RECORDS
— Dr. Malsawmdawngliana (Negotiating the past)
 MIZO TOBUL - III
Great Wall of China atanga chhuak :

China lal hmasa ber Shih Huangti an tih chuan a lal lai, BC 228 velah khan ‘Great
Wall of China’ tih khi a din a. Chutah chuan a ram mipuite chu hnathawk turin a
chhawr nasa hle niin an sawi. An thawh rim avangin mi tam tak an thi a, he kulh hi
kalsan an chak em em thin. Mahse, kulh chu sipai in an ven avangin an kalchhuak
thei lo a ni. China sorkar rorelna a tawp a, inrelbawlna mumal a awm loh lai takin
mipui chu an chhuak ta mur mur mai a, thenkhatin Shanghai lam an pan a,
thenkhatin hmun dang. Chumi chhuak zingah chuan Mizo pi leh pu te pawh hi an
tel ve ngei nia rin a ni. Hei hi a dik a nih chuan Chhinlung chhuak tiha Chhinlung
hi BC 200 vel tihna a ni. Amaherawhchu, BC 200 vela khi kulh khi rawn
chhuahsan tahw an nih si chuan, thlang an rawn tla muang hle tihna a ni dawn a.
Historian ten pi leh pute Mizoram an rawn luh hun chu AD 1700 vel nia an sawi
bawk si avangin, a kara heti chen chen an thang hi a awihawm lo deuh. Chuvang
chuan China lal fapa ‘Chhinlunga khaw chhuak’ tih hi a pawmawm ber a ni.
(K.Zawla)
 MIZO TOBUL - III

Great Wall of China atanga chhuak :

Rochhunga Pudaite phei kha chuan ‘Great Wall of China’ a\anga pi leh pute
kha lo chhuak an nih chuan ‘Chhinlung’ tih pawh hi a awmzia takah chuan
‘Chin Lung’ tihna a ni anga, chu chu a hnuah ‘Chhinlung’ an ti ta a ni ang tiin
a sawi. A chhan chu he china kulh bang ropui dintu Shih Huangti kha ‘Chin
Dynasty’ a mi a nih vang niin a ngai.
 MIZO TOBUL
Israel hnam bo (Lost tribe of Israel):

Bible a\anga chhui zuiin, Pathian hnam thlan Israel te chuan Pathian thu an
awih loh avangin an zinga mi tam tak chu khawvel hmun hrang hrangah an
vak darh a. Chung zinga Ephraim-a thlah nia in ngai pawl an awm. ‘Lushai’
tih pawh ‘Lu’ chu ‘mipui’ tihna niin ‘se’ chu ‘sawmna/tenth’ a ni a, chu chu
Israel hnam 12 zinga hnam 10-na tihna niin an ngai. Tin, Mizo hla hlui,
thiam hlaa ‘Manmasi’ tih awm pawh ‘Manasia’ thlah a nih chian zia tarlanna
niin an ngai bawk.

DNA test leh zirchianna hrang hrang a\angin Israel thlah nia in chhal an
awm a, Israel-a pem phah ta pawh mi tak tak an awm.

‘Sakhua’ kan tih pawh hi Israel te Pathian hming lam dan ‘Yaweh’ tih a\anga
lo kal niin, ‘ya’ hi ‘sa’ angin an lam a ‘weh’ chu ‘khua’ angin an lam ta niin
an ngai bawk.
MIZO TOBUL LEH THLANG TLAK DAN
(PIPUTE THLANG TLAK DAN)

Theories of migration — push pull process

(a) Ei leh bar vang
(b) Indona vang
(c) Awmhmun nghet neih loh vang
 MIZO TOBUL LEH THLANG TLAK DAN
(PI PUTE THLANG TLAK DAN)

HUN HMASA (EARLY HOME):

— Chhinlung or Sinlung (Lusei and Hmar)
— Khul or Khulpi (Gangte, Vaiphei, Others)
— Szechuan Province in southern China (Sangkima)
— China to Burma
 MIZO TOBUL LEH THLANG TLAK DAN
(PI PUTE THLANG TLAK DAN)

BURMA RAMAH :
Chinese leh Mizo thlahtu Tibeto Burman tawng hmang te chu an in ngeih
lova, Chinese chuan Lawi, bawng leh vawk an vulh a,, Tibeto Burman
chuan Kel leh beram an vulh a, ran tlatna inchuh avangin an intibuai a,
Burma ram lamah an chhuk. Tichuan ‘Chindwind valley’ atangin
‘Kabaw valley’an an chhuk a, chu chu ‘Kawlphai’ an ti. Kawl tih
tawngkam tam tak — Kawlhnam, Kawlhrei, Kawltu, Kawlbahra,
Kawlhai, Kawlthei, Kawlfung, Kawlhren, Kawl per tih te pawhin
kawlphaia an awm laia lo chhuak a ni. Hemi hnu hian Khampat velah an
awm leh a ni.

AD 800-850 (B.Lalthangliana) AD 950 (K.Zawla)

 MIZO TOBUL LEH THLANG TLAK DAN
(PI PUTE THLANG TLAK DAN)

CHIN HILLS:
Khampat atang chuan Chin hils lamah an lo kal a, Burma ram chhung
tantlang velah te, Manipur lamah te, Mizoramah te an lo lut thla ta a.
Shan ho ral hlauh vangin an rawn tlan chhe thla ni berin an sawi thin.

Khampat atang chuan Chinhils lamah an lo kal a, Burma ram chhung

tantlang velah te, Manipur lamah te, Mizoramah te an lo lut thla ta a.
Shan ho ral hlauh vangin an rawn tlan chhe thla ni berin an sawi thin.

“Thi lovi khua awm maw, fam lovi khua awm maw,
Laiah suanglungpui e, fam lo ten awm na ngai”
(Chawngchen zai)
 MIZO TOBUL LEH THLANG TLAK DAN
(PI PUTE THLANG TLAK DAN)

CHIN HILLS:
— Than tlang leh Run lui inkar (1250-1400AD)
— Lentlang leh Tiau inkar (1450 – 1700)
— Tiau rawn kan hnu (1700)
— Sakhua an nei tan a, Lal neih nachang an hre tan bawk.
 MIZO TOBUL LEH THLANG TLAK DAN
(PI PUTE THLANG TLAK DAN)

TIAU KAN HNU (MIZORAM LUH)

— Mizote chu Mizoram, Manipur, Assam, Tripura te an pan
— Thlang tla hmasa berte chuan kum zabi 16-ah an kan a,
chungmite chu — Hrangkhawl, Biate, Darlawng etc..
— Hemite hnuaah hian Thadou leh Kuki. An hnu hian Lusei ho.
— Khawpui (Selesih sangsarih) an din a
 B. MIZORAM LUAH TAN DAN

THLANG TLAK DAN HUN INDAWT

Chindwin valley vela awm lai AD 800-850 vel
Khampat vela awm lai AD 1250 vel
Thantlang leh run inkara awm lai vel AD 1250-1400
Lentlang leh tiau inkar AD 1450-1700
Tiau rawn kan thlak AD 1700
Selesih sangsarih vanglai AD 1740-1750
 MIZORAM LUAH TAN DAN

MIZO HNAHTHLAK HNAM TE THLANG TLAK DAN

Hmar ho an lut hmasa ber (Biate, Khawbung, Khawzawl, Thiak,
Ngur, Chhungte, Ruantlang, Lungtan etc)
Ralte hovin an dawt leh
Lusei ho (Sailo, Pachuau etc)
Lai ho (pawi etc)
Mara ho
Paite ho
Fanai ho
 MIZORAM LUAH TAN DAN

KHAWPUI DING HMASA TE

Dungtlang sangthum — AD 1670-1680 (Palian lal ho an
awmkhawm Buara, Hulaiana, Bulpuia)
Selesih sangsarih — Kawlha, lalhluma, Rohnaa, Lalchera,
Darpuiliana, Darliankuala, Lalsailova AD 1740-1750
Tualte vanglai - In sangkhat - Vanhnuailiana - 1861
 MIZORAM LUAH TAN DAN

SELESIH SANGSARIH
Lal pasarihte — Rohnaa, Lalchera, Lalhluma, Thangphunga,
Pukawlha, Darliankuala, Darpuiliana
Mi hmingthangte — Lianchia (hmeltha hmingthang), Aihniara
(Tuan rang hmingthang), Buizova (Zaithiam hmingthang), Chula,
(mi chak hmingthang) Saichawnkhupa (Hmelchhe hmingthang).
 MIZORAM LUAH TAN DAN

KHAWPUI DIN A |UL CHHAN:

1. Sa leh ral laka an him nan
2. Hnam inpumkhatna atan
3. An ropuizia tarlanna atan

KHAWPUI DIN REI LOH CHHAN:

1. Ei leh bar harsat vang
2. Lo neih tur harsat vang
3. Roreltu leh uapkhawmtu bik awm loh vang
 MIZO THUMAL TOBUL
— Tunhma chuan ‘Mizo’ tih bik an awm ngai lo
— Mc Cabe (Lalman sap) khan a lehkhabu-ah ‘Mizo/Mizau’ tih chu
1892-ah a hmang. A hmang hmasa ber nia ngaih a ni.
— 1903 – Mizo kan ni lawm ilangin – Zosapthara
— 1912 – A fly on the wheel - TH Lewin (Thangliana) ‘Dzo’
— 1935 – Young Mizo Association, Mizo Zirlai pawl
— 1942 – Mizo Union
— 1952 – Mizo District Council
— 1986 – Mizoram

(Saikuti hlaa ‘Mizo lu ngenin’ tih hi ‘Bawmzo lu ngenin’ tih a ni. Saikuti
hi Mizo tih hmang hmasatu a ni lo)
MIZO THUMAL TOBUL
 C.MIZO TAWNG KALHMANG LEH TOBUL

1. Tawng tobul
(a) Pathian pek — Genesis-ah Adama’n ramsa hming a vuah. BC 600 vel khan
Pharoah pakhat in experiment a buatsaih. Naupang pahnih beram zingah a dah a, a
tawpah Phrygian tawng ‘Bekos’ (chhang) tihna an hria. Hetiang chiah hian BC 1500-ah
Scotland lal James IV in a enchhin, naupang te chu rei tak hnuah Hebrai tawngin an
tawng.
(b) Thil ri dang atangin — Pooh pooh theory, ding dong theory.
German - bam bam,
Spain - din dan,
English - ding dong,
Vai - tang tang
Mizo - bel bel
(c) Awka leh chetze tangkawp - Gesture
(d) Pian ken - Physiological adaptation - Voice box, vocal chord
 MIZO TAWNG KALHMANG LEH TOBUL

2. Mizo tawng tobul leh kalhmang:

— Tibeto chinese (Sino Tibetan) - Sino Tibetan Proper - Tibeto Burman -
Assam Burmese - Mizo (Hmar, Lai, Paite, Lusei, Mara, Paite, ralte, Kuki etc) -
GA Grierson - Linguistic survey of india 1967)

— Kum 1869 hmalam zawng kha chuan Mizo tawng hi inbiakna

(communication) atan hman a ni ber a, hla leh thawnthu inhlanchhawn nan te
pawh an hmang bawk ang. Kum 1864-a Chittagong hill tracs enkawl tura
Superintendent hna chelhtu, Sapho zinga Mizo ten an kawm tlangnel hmasak
ber Lt. Col. Thomas Herbert Lewin (Thangliana) chuan 1869 khan ‘ The Hill
Tracks of Chittagong and the Dwellers Therein : With Comparative Vocabulary
of the Hill Dialects’ tih a ziakah khan Mizo hnahthlak hnam hrang hrang ten
tawng khaikhinna a ziak a, Mizo tawng thumal ngawt pawh 186 zet a ziak a ni.
MIZO TAWNG KALHMANG LEH TOBUL
 MIZO TAWNG KALHMANG LEH TOBUL

TH Lewin hian kum 1870 khan ‘Wild Races of South Eastern India’
tih lehkhabu a ziak leh a, hetah hian Sap tawnga Mizo chanchin a ziah
mai bakah amahin Mizo tawng a ngaihthlak atangin Mizo tawng thumal
thenkhat chu ziakin a dah a — Lusei tih chu Lhoosai tiin a ziak a,
Khuavang chu Koa-vang, Pathian chu Patyen, Lal chu Lal, Thlanrawkpa
chu Tlandrok-pah, Vanhnuailiana chu Vanhuilen ti tein a lo ziak bawk. 12

Heng bakah hian a lehkhabu ziak dang ‘Progressive Colloquial

Exercise in the Lushai Dialect of the Dzo of Kuki languages with
vacabularies and Popular Tales’ (1874) leh ‘A Fly on the Wheels’
(1912)-ah te chuan Mizo tawnga thuziak awmze nei (written literature)-a
bul tantu a ni a, hawrawp hmanga Mizo tawng, ziaka dah hmasa ber a ni
hial awm e.
 MIZO TAWNG KALHMANG LEH TOBUL

Kum 1894-a Arthington Mission hnuaia Mizorama Chanchin |ha hril

tura lo kal, Pu Buanga (JH Lorain) leh Sap Upa (FW Savidge) te khan
TH Lewin-a lehkhabu ziak te hi an hmang tangkai hle a. Heng lehkhabu
an hmuh atang te leh Mizo sumdawng, Silchara kal thin te an lo
kawmna atangin Mizorama an lo luh hma, Silchar-a an awm lai 1893
khan A, aw, b hi an lo siam fel vek tawh a. 13 Kum 1894-a Mizoram an
lo luh hnuah heng an a, aw, b siam te hi midang an zirtir ta chauh a ni.

Kum 1869-a TH Lewin-a’n Mizo hawrawp a lo ziak atanga chhut

chuan kum 2014 hian Mizo hawrawp/thuziak chu kum 145 chauha upa
a la ni a, kum 1893-a a,aw, b siam a nih atanga chhiar phei chuan kum
120 chauh a la ni.
 MIZO TAWNG KALHMANG LEH TOBUL

3. Mizo tawng danglamna:

1. Tawng thluk nei (tonal language)
2. SOV — Liana’n Sakei a that.
English SVO - Liana kills a tiger.
3. Double adjective/double adverb
— Liana a lo kal boh boh, Pari chu hmeltha ving veng tak a ni.
4. Hawrawp a nghet (English - December, Cancer —
‘e’ rik dan a in ang lo. Mizo \awngah a awm ve lo)
5. Hla thu (poetical word) a hausa — Nula - lanu, siali etc.
6. |awng upa-ah a hausa -
7. Thil sawifiahna tawngkam a tam - hmai phih,
kut sil, lu su (wash - english)
 MIZO TAWNG KALHMANG LEH TOBUL

3. Mizo tawng danglamna:

1. Tawng thluk nei (tonal language)
2. SOV — Liana’n Sakei a that.
English SVO - Liana kills a tiger.
3. Double adjective/double adverb
— Liana a lo kal boh boh, Pari chu hmeltha ving veng tak a ni.
4. Hawrawp a nghet (English - December, Cancer —
‘e’ rik dan a in ang lo. Mizo \awngah a awm ve lo)
5. Hla thu (poetical word) a hausa — Nula - lanu, siali etc.
6. |awng upa-ah a hausa -
7. Thil sawifiahna tawngkam a tam - hmai phih,
kut sil, lu su (wash - english)
 D. MIZO HNAHTHLAK
HNAM HRANG HRANG TE

Lusei (Tribe):
(Zahnuaka thlah (lal chi- 6: Zadeng, Palian, Rokhum, Rivung, Thangluah,
Thangur), Thangura thlah (Lalchi 4 - Chawnglul, Thangmang, Sailo,
Chenkual) Pachuau (8), Chhangte (9), Chuaungo, Chawngte, Chuauhang,
Hauhnar, Hrahsel, Vanchhawng, Chhakchhuak, Hualhang, Kunkhua)

Hmar (tribe):
(Thiak, Lungtau, Chawhte, Chawnthei, Lawithang, Zote, Darngawn,
Ngurte, Khawbung, Faihriem, Khawlhring, Vangsie, Ngente, Leiri,
Changsan, Biete, Hrangkhawl, Sakechep, Bawm, Chiru, Pang, Aimol, Halam,
Darlong, Kom)
 MIZO HNAHTHLAK
HNAM HRANG HRANG TE

Mizo
— Duhlian (Tukkhuma sam zial)
— Hrumtung (Chhipa sam zial)
— Tai cheng (Sam phiar)
 MIZO HNAHTHLAK
HNAM HRANG HRANG TE

Pawi (Tribe) :
(Hauhulh, Hlawncheu, Tlau, Fanai, Sukte)
Ralte (Tribe):
(Lelhchhun, Khelte, Siakeng, Kawlni)
Paite (Tribe) :
(No sub tribe - family 220)
Thado/Kuki (Tribe):
(Chawngthu (9) No sub tribe (35)
Gangte (Tribe):
(Thanglun, Hilkhiang, Neihsial, Thangzawm)
 MIZO HNAHTHLAK
HNAM HRANG HRANG TE

Vaiphei (Tribe):
Suantak, Vangluah Khaute
Simte (Tribe)
(Ngaihte, Dim)
Zo (Zou) (Tribe)
(Manlun, Samte, Dopmul, Tungnung, Phiamphu)
Mara
(22 sub tribes)
 E. MIZO TEN LAL AN NEIH TAN DAN
1. Hnam hrang hrang ten a tia lal an neih chhan chu Indonaa hotu tur an
duh vang a ni tlangpui a, chumi hnuah roreltu leh khawtlang awptu an ni
zui thin

2. Mizo pipute Lentlang vela an awm lai AD 1400 -1450 vel khan mihuaisen
leh chak deuh te chu Lal angin an awm tawh. Mahse an hnenah chhiah
(tax) an la pe lo. (B.Lalthangliana)

3. Mizo te hian Run leh Tiau inkara an awm laiin Lal an nei tan niin an sawi
a. Chu chu AD 1500-1700 vel a ni (Mizoram District Gazetteers 1989)

4. Seipui khuaa Lusei Pasalthaho Run kam vela rammu chuan mipa naupang
an chhar a, chu naupang chu ‘Chhuahlawma’ an ti a. Chhuahlawma pa
chu ralnaa an ni a, Ralnaa pa chu Sihsinga a ni a, Sihsinga pa chu Niguitea
a ni.
 E. MIZO TEN LAL AN NEIH TAN DAN

1. Chhuahlawma chuan nupui a nei a, a fa hmingah Zahmuaka a sa a,

zahmuaka fate chu – Zadenga, Paliana, Thangluaha, Thangura,
Rivunga leh Rokhuma te an ni.

2. Zahmuaka te chhungkua chu an pa rual em avangin Seipui khua

chuan lal atan an sawm a. Lal nih chu nuam a ti vak lova, a khua te
chuan a hlawh atan kumtin buh pek an tiam a, hei hi ‘Lal Fathang’
lo chhuah dan niin an sawi.

3. N Chatterji chuan a lehkhabu- Mizo Chiefs and his administrations

(1975)-ah chuan Pa rual chhungkua leh mi chak chhungkua chu Lal
atan an sawm mai thin niin a sawi.
 E. MIZO TEN LAL AN NEIH TAN DAN

1. Mizo khawpui lian hmasa Selesih sangsarih (AD 1740-1750) ah

khan sailo lal 7 an awm , chungte chu — Kawlha,
Darliankuala, Darpuiliana, Rohnaa, Lalchera, Lalchhuma.
Thangchunga te an ni. (B.Lalthangliana)

2. Dungtlang sangthum (AD 1670-1680)-ah khan Palian lal

pathum an awm (K.Zawla)

3. Sailo lal te kha an chak ber a, a chhan chu administration an

thiam vang niin an sawi a, Bristish lo luh thleng khan an lal
hlawm a ni.
 NIGUITEA
(AD 1500-25)
MIZO LALTE (TH LEWIN NEN)
MIZORAM LALBER KAIRUMA THLAN,
BIATE
 KAIRUMA, MIZORAM LAL BER A NIH CHHAN

Vuta fapa Kairuma hi lal fing tak chu a. 1902 a bawrhsap

J.Shakespeare (Superintendet, Lushai Hills)hova, Viceroy hmu tura
Silcharaa an kal khan Viceroy in “In zingah tunge lal ber’ tia Mizo
lalho an zawh khan. Tuman an chhang thei si lova Kairuma erawh
chuan “Keimah” tih nachang kha a lo hre pek niawm tak a ni. A
thih ni March 1912 thleng khan bawrhsapte khan an lal ber chei zui
ta zel a ni. Tiin, Mizo Lal Ber Kairuma Sailo tih ziaktu Rev .
Zokima chuan a sawi.
 KAIRUMA, MIZORAM LAL BER A NIH CHHAN

1912 khan Mizoram ah lal 312 an la awm a, Sap hovin min awp
tawh avangin chutih laia Bawrhsap chu Hezlett-a a ni. Bawrhsap
chuan “Ka ram chhunga lal leh hnamchawm te ho chanchin ka
hrechiang duh e,” a ti a. Tichuan, September 1912 khan lal leh
hnamchawm ho chu lammualah a ko khawm ta.

Hetah hian lal zinga hausa ber te, hnamchawm zinga hausa ber te,
Lal zinga lian ber te, kut chak ber te, taksa lian ber te an thlang
chhuak a, lawmman an pe zel a ni.
 KAIRUMA, MIZORAM LAL BER A NIH CHHAN

Bawrhsap chuan lal khawngaihna ngah ber leh zaidam ber, mahni
khaw vawng fai ber atan Kairuma Sailo lal Tlaikuang (Biatea an
insawn hmaa an khua a ni) ami a thlanga “Khawi chin nge i lal
ram” a ti a. Kairuma chuan,”Thlang lam ah Reng lal nen kan inri a,
chhaklam ah Tiau chin” a ti hem mai (Mizoram pum ang a ni. Lal
dang an awm ve vek a, huai ve tak a ni). Bawrhsap hian a ngaisang
bawk aniang parthi leh thutna pek bakah TUAL VAWI THUM
THLENG THAH PHALNA A PE. Hemi tum a Lawman an pek ho
hi Medal an pe tel vek bawk a, an mahni zah entir nan leh chibai
buk nan Bawrhsap chuan Zemabawk lam hawiin laipui a kah tir a
tin Bawrhsap hian sipai ho an mahni tih hlim nan darkar khat a lam
tir bawk a tichuan an tin ta a ni. (misual.com)
 SUGGESTED READINGS
Mizo Chanchin – B.Lalthangliana
Mizo kan ni 1&2 : H.Thangluaia
Pi pute leh an thlah te chanchin : K.Zawla
Mizo chanchin : Liangkhaia
Mizo hnahthlak thawnthu : RL Thanmawia
History of Mizo in Burma : B.Lalthangliana
Mizo chanchin : B.lalthangliana
Mizo chanchin : zatluanga
Lusei te leh an vela hnam dangte : Vanchhunga
Mizo History : VL Siama
Mizo Literature: Mizoram University

Zo History : Dr. Vumson

The Lushai Kuki Clans : J.Shakespeare
Mizo Narratives : Malsawmdawngliana & Rohmingmawii
Mizoram : History and Cultural Identity : Lalrimawia
Mizo Society and Polity : C.Nunthara
A Monograph on Lushai Customs and Ceremonies : NE parry
A fly on the wheel : Th Lewin
Negotiating the past : Memory, History and Culture of Mizo : Malsawmdawngliana
A brief History and Culture of Mizo : B.Lalthangliana