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Communicable Disease Nursing2
Communicable Disease Nursing2
Disease Nursing
TERMINOLOGIES
• INFECTION
• CARRIER
• ISOLATION
• HABITAT
- Is a place where an organism lives or where
the organism is usually found.
• HOST
• - Is a person, animal, or plant on which a
parasite depends for its survival
TERMINOLOGIES
• RESERVOIR
• SURVEILLANCE
• INFECTIOUS DISEASE
- transmitted not only by ordinary contact but requires
direct inoculation of the organism through a break in the
skin or mucous membrane.
WHY INFECTION OCCURS?
1. Bacteria
2. Spirochete
3. Viruses
4. Rickettsiae
5. Chalmydiae
6. Fungi
7. Protozoa
8. Parasites
B. Reservoir
1. Human reservoir
a. Frank Cases or the very ill
b. Sub-clinical or ambulatory
c. Carrier
• Incubatory carrier : a person incubating
the illness
• Convalescent carrier: a person at the
recovery stage of illness but continues
to shed the pathogenic organism
• Intermittent carrier: occasionally
sheds the pathogenic organism
• Chronic or sustained carrier:
always has the infectious organisms in
his or her system.
2. Animals
3. Nonliving things
C. The Portal of Exit - path or way in which
the organisms leave the reservoir
1. Respiratory system
2. Genitourinary system
3. Gastrointestinal tract
4. Skin and mucous membrane
5. Placenta
D. Mode of Transmission means by which the
infectious agent passes through the portal of
exit of the reservoir to the susceptible host.
the easiest link to break the chain of
infection.
1.Contact Transmission
a. Direct – person-to-person transfer
b. Indirect – susceptible person comes in
contact with contaminated object
c. Droplet spread – contact with respiratory
secretions when the infected person
coughs, sneezes, or talks
2. Air-borne transmission – Spread by
air current and is inhaled by
susceptible host.
3. Vehicle transmission – through
articles or substances that harbor the
organism until it is ingested or
inoculated into the host.
4. Vector-borne transmission – occurs
when intermediate carriers transfer
the microbes to another living
organism.
E. Portal of Entry- a venue where the
organism gains entrance into the
susceptible host
F. Susceptible Host – not possessing
immunity to a particular pathogen
ILLNESS FOLLOWING AN ENTRANCE OF
PATHOGEN INTO THE BODY DEPENDS
ON THE HOST:
1. Age, sex, genes, and constitution;
2. Nutritional status, fitness, environmental factors;
3. General condition, physical, emotional, and
mental state;
4. Absence of or abnormal immunoglobulins;
5. Co-morbid states
6. Treatment with certain antimicrobials,
corticosteroids, radiation, or immunosuppressive
drugs.
COURSE OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASE
1. INCUBATION PERIOD
- time of infection to appearance of signs and symptoms
2. PERIOD OF PRODROMAL SYMPTOMS/ PRODROMAL
PERIOD
- early symptoms that may mark the onset of a disease
3. PERIOD OF INVASION
- the disease reaches its full development and maximum
intensity
- also referred to as Fastigium or Acme
4. COMMUNICABLE PERIOD
- period after infection when an infectious agent can be
transmitted to another host.
5. LATENT PERIOD
- period after infection when an infectious agent cannot
be transmitted to another
6. DEFERVESCENCE OR DECLINE
- The stage during which the manifestations subside.
OCCURRENCE
1. SPORADIC DISEASE
- occasional and irregular(e.g. Tetanus,
herpes, skin diseases, leprosy in Manila)
2. EPIDEMIC DISEASES
- disease attacks a large number of people
in a community at the same time, or during
the same season, and in which disease
tends to spread rapidly to others (e.g.
cholera, dengue)
OCCURRENCE
3. ENDEMIC
- those that are present in a population or
community at times; usually involves few
people during specific periods (typhoid
fever in Manila, dysentery)
4. PANDEMIC
- an epidemic that affects several countries
or continents (e.g. HIV/AIDS, SARS)
INFECTION CONTROL & work
practice control MEASURES
2. HANDWASHING
● Practice proper hand washing with the use of
soap and water.
● Wash hands before and after patient contact
and after removing the gloves.
THE USE OF BARRIER
APPARELS
3. GLOVING
● Wear gloves for all direct contact with patients.
● Change gloves and wash hands after every
contact with each patient.
4. GOWNING
● Wear gown during procedures which are likely to
generate splashes or sprays of blood and body
fluids, secretions, or excretions.
THE USE OF BARRIER
APPARELS
5. EYE PROTECTION (goggles)
● Wear goggles for aerosol/splash-generating
procedures.
● Avoid aerosols
6. ENVIRONMENTAL DISINFECTION
● Clean surfaces daily with disinfectant (diluted
household bleach, 70 percent alcohol)
PREVENTIVE ASPECT OR CARE
OF PATIENTS WITH
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
1. Health education
2. Immunization
3. Environmental Sanitation
• Water Supply Sanitation
• Proper Excreta and sewage disposal
• Food Sanitation
• Waste Management
HEALTH EDUCATION
• Educate the family and the client with
respect to:
• the availability and importance of prophylactic
immunization
• the manner in which infectious illness is spread and
the methods of avoiding the spread
• the importance of seeking medical advice for any
sign of health problem
• the importance of environmental cleanliness and
personal hygiene
• the means of preventing contamination of food and
water supply
IMMUNIZATION
• the introduction of specific protective antibodies or
the production of cellular immunity in a susceptible
person or animal
Immunity
• a condition of being secure against any
particular disease
Types of Immunity
1. Natural