Acceptable Weld Profiles

ACCEPTABLE WELD
PROFILES
Discussion &
Description
WELD PROFILE
WELD
PROFILE IN
SMAW
In understanding about the Weld
Profile, the appearance of the weldment is
not of technical concern for a long as weld
profile meets the maximum tolerable
requirements in the specification and
standards. Skill and technical knowledge
of a welder influence the appearance of
the weld profile. A welder who is
knowledgeable enough to analyze and
understand the welding procedure,
standards and utilize SMAW welding
variable may have the greater chance of
producing neat sound weld.
WELD PROFILE ACCEPTANCE
DESCRIPTION
1. The faces of fillet welds maybe slightly, flat, or slightly concave as shown in Appendix V (A) and
(B), with none of the unacceptable profiles shown in (C). Except at outside corner joints, c, of a
weld or individual surface bead with dimension W shall not exceed the values noted in the table
in Appendix V.
2. Groove welds shall preferably be made with slight or minimum reinforcement except as maybe
otherwise provided. In the case butt and corner joints, the reinforcement shall not exceed 1/8 in
(3.2 mm) in height and shall have gradual transition to the plane of the base metal surface. See
Appendix V. They shall be free of the discontinuities shown for butt joints in (E).
3. Surface of groove welds required to be flash shall be finished so as not to reduce the thickness
of the thinner base metal or weld metal by more than 1/32 in (0.8 mm) or 5% of the thickness,
whichever is smaller, nor leave reinforcements that exceeds 1/32 in (0.8 mm). However, all
reinforcement must be remove where the weld forms part of a faying or contact surface. Any
undercut. Chipping maybe used provided it is followed by grinding.
3. Surface of groove welds required to be flash
shall be finished so as not to reduce the
thickness of the thinner base metal or weld
metal by more than 1/32 in (0.8 mm) or 5%
of the thickness, whichever is smaller, nor
leave reinforcements that exceeds 1/32 in
(0.8 mm). However, all reinforcement must
be remove where the weld forms part of a
faying or contact surface. Any undercut.
Chipping maybe used provided it is
followed by grinding.
4. Ends of groove welds required to be flash
shall be finished so as not to reduced the
weld width beyond the detailed width or
the actual furnish, whichever, by more than
1/8 in (3.2 mm) or so not to leave
reinforcement at each and that exceeds 1/8
in (3.2 mm). Ends of welds in butt joints
shall be faired to adjacent plate or shape
edges at a slope not to exceed 1 in 10.
MOST COMMON WELDING CAUSES
AND REMEDIES
Defects are common in any type of manufacture, welding including. In the process, there can be
deviation in the shape and size of the metal structure. It can be cause by the used of the incorrect
welding process or wrong welding technique.
Weld Crack the most serious type of welding defect is a weld crack and its not acceptable almost all
standards in the industry. It can appear on the surface, in the weld metal or the area affected by the
intense heat. There are different types of cracks, depending on the temperature at which they
occur:
Hot cracks. These can occur during the crystallization process of the weld joint. The temperature
at these point can rise over 10.000 c.
Cold cracks. These cracks appear after the weld has been completed and the temperature of the
metal has gone done. They can form hours or even days after welding. It mostly happens when
welding steel. The cause of this defect is usually deformities in the structure of steel.
Hotcracks
Coldcracks
Crater cracks. These occur at the end of the welding process before the operator finishes a
pass on the weld joint. They usually form near the end of the weld. When the weld pool cools
and solidifies, it needs to have enough volume to overcome shrinkage of the weld. Otherwise
it will form crater crack.
Causes of cracks: Use of hydrogen when welding ferrous metals, Residual stress caused by
the solidification shrinkage, base metal contamination, High welding welding speed but low
current, Poor joint design, No preheat before starting welding, A high content of sulfur and
carbon in the metal.
Remedies: Preheat the metal as required. Provided proper cooling of the weld area. Use
proper joint design. Remove impurities. Use appropriate metal, make sure to weld a sufficient
sectional area. Use proper welding speed and amperage current. To prevent crater cracks,
make sure that the crater is properly filled.
Porosity occurs as a result of weld metal contamination. The trapped gases create a bubble
filled weld that becomes weak and can when collapse.
Cause of Porosity: Inadequate electrode deoxidant. Using a longer arc. The presence of the
moisture, improper gas shield, incorrect surface treatment, use of too high gas flow,
contaminated surface, presence of rust, paint, grease or oil.
Cratercrac
ks
Remedies: Clean the materials before you begin welding, use dry electrode and materials,
use correct arc distance, check the gas flow meter and make sure that it optimized as required
with proper with pressure and flow settings. Reduce arc travel speed, which will allow the gases
to escape. Use the right electrode, use proper weld technique.
Desired fillet
Acceptable weld weld
A weld that meets all of the
requirement and the acceptance
criteria prescribed by the welding
specifications
Unaccaptable Weld
A weld discontinuity in which fusion
did not occur between weld metal
and fusion faces or adjoining weld
beads.
Accceptable fillet
weld
Fillet weld gage usage
Weld toe touches fillet weld gage
=Acceptable

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