Unit 3 Cloud Computing Architecture and Management
Unit 3 Cloud Computing Architecture and Management
COMPUTING
ARCHITECTURE
AND
MANAGEMENT
TOPICS
• CLOUD ARCHITECTURE LAYER
• ANATOMY OF THE CLOUD
• NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IN CLOUD COMPUTING
• APPLICATIONS ON THE CLOUD
• MANAGING THE CLOUD
• MANAGING THE CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE
• MANAGING THE CLOUD APPLICATION
• MIGRATING APPLICATION TO CLOUD
• PHASES OF CLOUD MIGRATION
• APPROACHES FOR CLOUD MIGRATION
INTRODUCTION
• Architecture is the hierarchical view of describing a technology. This usually
includes the components over which the existing technology is built and the
components that are dependent on
the technology.
• Anatomy describes the core structure of the cloud.
• Cloud management discusses the important management issues and ways in
which the current cloud scenario is managed. It describes the way an application
and infrastructure in the cloud are managed.
1) CLOUD ARCHITECTURE LAYERS
• Any technological model consists of an architecture based on which the model
functions, which is a hierarchical view of describing the technology.
• The cloud also has an architecture that describes its working mechanism. It
includes the dependencies on which it works and the components that work
over it.
• The cloud is a recent technology that is completely dependent on the Internet
for its functioning.
• The cloud architecture can be divided into four layers based on the access of
the cloud by the user. They are as follows.
LAYER 1 (USER/CLIENT LAYER)
• This layer is the lowest layer in the cloud architecture. All the users or client belong
to this layer.
• This is the place where the client/user initiates the connection to the cloud. The client
can be any device such as a thin client, thick client, or mobile or any handheld device
that would support basic functionalities to access a web application.
• The thin client here refers to a device that is completely dependent on some other
system for its complete functionality. In simple terms, they have very low processing
capability.
• Usually, a cloud application can be accessed in the same way as a web application.
But internally, the properties of cloud applications are significantly different. Thus,
this layer consists of client devices.
LAYER 2 (NETWORK LAYER)
• This layer allows the users to connect to the cloud. The whole cloud infrastructure
is dependent on this connection where the services are offered to the customers.
• This is primarily the Internet in the case of a public cloud. The public cloud usually
exists in a specific location and the user would not know the location as it is
abstract. And, the public cloud can be accessed all over the world.
• In the case of a private cloud, the connectivity may be provided by a local area
network (LAN). Even in this case, the cloud completely depends on the network
that is used.
• This layer does not come under the purview of service-level agreements (SLAs),
that is, SLAs do not take into account the Internet connection between the user and
cloud for quality of service (QoS).
LAYER 3 (CLOUD MANAGEMENT LAYER)
• This layer consists of softwares that are used in managing the cloud. The softwares can
be a cloud operating system (OS), a software that acts as an interface between the data
center (actual resources) and the user, or a management software that allows managing
resources.
• These softwares usually allow resource management (scheduling, provisioning, etc.),
optimization (server consolidation, storage workload consolidation), and internal cloud
governance.
• This layer comes under the purview of SLAs, that is, the operations taking place in this
layer would affect the SLAs that are being decided upon between the users and the
service providers. Any delay in processing or any discrepancy in service provisioning
may lead to an SLA violation.
LAYER 4 (HARDWARE RESOURCE LAYER)
• Layer 4 consists of provisions for actual hardware resources. Usually, in the case of a public
cloud, a data center is used in the back end. Similarly, in a private cloud, it can be a data center,
which is a huge collection of hardware resources interconnected to each other that is present in a
specific location or a high configuration system.
• This is the most important layer that governs the SLAs. This layer affects the SLAs most in the
case of data centers. As mentioned, if there is any discrepancy in provisioning the resources or
application, the service provider has to pay the penalty.
• Hence, the data center consists of a high-speed network connection and a highly efficient
algorithm to transfer the data from the data center to the manager. There can be a number of data
centers for a cloud, and similarly, a number of clouds can share a data center.
• Thus, this is the architecture of a cloud. The layering is strict, and for any cloud application, this is
followed. There can be a little loose isolation between layer 3 and layer 4 depending on the way
the cloud is deployed.
2) ANATOMY OF THE CLOUD
• Cloud anatomy can be simply defined as the structure of the cloud. Cloud
anatomy cannot be considered the same as cloud architecture.
• It may not include any dependency on which or over which the technology works,
whereas architecture wholly defines and describes the technology over which it is
working.
• Architecture is a hierarchical structural view that defines the technology as well as the
technology over which it is dependent or/and the technology that are dependent on it.
Thus, anatomy can be considered as a part of architecture.
THE MOST STANDARD ANATOMY THAT IS THE BASE FOR THE
CLOUD
THERE ARE BASICALLY FIVE COMPONENTS OF THE CLOUD:
• 1. Application: The upper layer is the application layer. In this layer, any applications
are executed.
2. Platform: This component consists of platforms that are responsible for the
execution of the application. This platform is between the infrastructure and the
application.
3. Infrastructure: The infrastructure consists of resources over which the other
components work. This provides computational capability to the user.
4. Virtualization: Virtualization is the process of making logical components of
resources over the existing physical resources. The logical components are isolated and
independent, which form the infrastructure.
5. Physical hardware: The physical hardware is provided by server and storage units.
3) NETWORK CONNECTIVITY IN CLOUD COMPUTING
• Cloud computing is a technique of resource sharing where servers, storage, and other
computing infrastructure in multiple locations are connected by networks.
• In the cloud, when an application is submitted for its execution, needy and suitable
resources are allocated from this collection of resources; as these resources are
connected via the Internet, the users get their required results.
• For many cloud computing applications, network performance will be the key issue
to cloud computing performance.
PUBLIC CLOUD ACCESS NETWORKING
• The connectivity is often through the Internet, though some
cloud providers may be able to support virtual private networks (VPNs)
for customers. Accessing public cloud services will always create issues
related to security, which in turn is related to performance.
• One of the possible approaches toward the support of security is to promote connectivity
through encrypted tunnels, so that the information may be sent via secure pipes on the
Internet. This procedure will be an overhead in the connectivity, and using it will
certainly increase delay and may impact performance.
• If we want to reduce the delay without compromising security, then we
have to select a suitable routing method such as the one reducing the delay
by minimizing transit hops in the end-to-end connectivity between the cloud
provider and cloud consumer.
PRIVATE CLOUD ACCESS NETWORKING
• In the private cloud deployment model, since the cloud is part of an organizational
network, the technology and approaches are local to the in-house network structure.
• This may include an Internet VPN or VPN service from a network operator. If the
application access was properly done with an organizational network—connectivity in a
pre cloud configuration—transition to private cloud computing will not affect the access
performance.
INTRACLOUD NETWORKING FOR PUBLIC CLOUD
SERVICES
• Managing the cloud is the most important thing to maintain the Quality of
Service (QoS).
• Managing the cloud is broadly divided into two parts:
1. Managing the infrastructure of the cloud
2. Managing the cloud application
6) MANAGING THE CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE
• The infrastructure of the cloud is the backbone of the cloud. This component is
mainly responsible for the QoS factor.
• If the infrastructure is not properly managed, then the whole cloud can fail and QoS
would be adversely affected.
• The core of cloud management is Resource Management.
• Resource Management involves several tasks such as;
o Resource scheduling
o Provisioning
o Load balancing
The above tasks are mainly managed by the cloud service provider’s core software capabilities such as the
cloud OS that is responsible for providing services to the cloud and that internally controls the cloud.
•Poor resource management may lead to several inefficiencies in terms of performance, functionality, and cost.
•If a resource is not efficiently managed, the performance of the whole system is affected. Performance is the
most important aspect of the cloud because everything in the cloud is dependent on the SLAs. (Cloud service
level agreement)
•The basic functionality of the cloud should always be provided and considered at any cost. Even if there is a
small discrepancy in providing the functionality, the whole purpose of maintaining the cloud is futile.
•The reason for which the cloud was developed was cost. The cost is a very important criterion as far as the
business prospects of the cloud are concerned.
•The service providers, if they incur less cost for managing the cloud, then would try to reduce the cost so as
to get a strong user base.
•Similarly, if the cost of resource management is high, then definitely the cost of accessing the resources
would be high and there is never a lossy business from any organization and so the service provider would
not bear the cost and hence the users must pay more.
•Other issues that dealt with resource management are power consumption and optimization of multiple
objectives to further reduce the cost.
7) MANAGING CLOUD APPLICATION
• Business companies are increasingly looking to move or build their corporate applications on
cloud platforms to improve agility or to meet dynamic requirements that exist in the globalization
of businesses.
• But this shift or moving the applications to the cloud environment brings new complexities.
• Applications become more composite and complex, which requires leveraging not only
capabilities like storage and database offered by the cloud providers but also third-party SaaS
capabilities like e-mail and messaging.
• The composite nature of cloud applications requires visibility into all the services to determine
the overall availability and uptime.
• Cloud application management is to address these issues and propose solutions to make it
possible to have insight into the application that runs in the cloud.
• These cloud-based monitoring and management services can collect a multitude of events,
analyse them, and identify critical information that requires additional remedial actions like
adjusting capacity or provisioning new services.
8) MIGRATING APPLICATION TO CLOUD