PHYSICAL

EDUCATION
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

CRICKE
T

NAME : AJAY SRIRAM

ROLL NO :

CLASS : XII

BOARD ROLL NO:

ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT

I am highly grateful to my Physical

Education teachers Mr Nikhil Pawar
& Mr Deepak Maitre, without whose
guidance, the odds would have been
highly unfavourable against me in the
completion of this project. His
support is extremely appreciated. I
express my special thanks to our
Principal for extending her support.
Further, I would like to thank my
parents, who assisted me in every step
of this project with unending
motivation.

Further, I would like to thank the

Almighty, who provided me with help
when I needed it the most. Needless
to mention, this project on
“CRICKET” helped me in knowing a
lot of new things about the game.
 index
S. Content Page
No. No.
1 History 5-6

2 Definition 7

3 Rules and 8-10

Regulations
4 Fundamental 11-15
Skills
5 Fundamental 16-17
Terminologies
6 Equipments 18-19

7 Values of Game 20

8 Injuries 21

9 Bibliography 22
 HISTORY
Cricket is the most coveted sport which
has the rare distinction of being called as
Gentleman’s game. Cricket is the world's
second most popular spectator sport
after football  and tops the list when it
comes to favourite sports of India.
Cricket is a global passion, played
everywhere from Test match arenas to
village greens.
Having originated in south-east
England in the last 16th century , cricket
became England’s national sport in the
18th century and has developed globally
in the 19th and 20th centuries.
 HISTORY
In 1744, the Laws of
Cricket were codified for the
first time and MCC(Marylebone
cricket club) was custodian of
the Laws till the formation of
Imperial Cricket Conference in
1909 . It was renamed as
International Cricket Council
(ICC) which is the governing
body of cricket now. Its
headquarters is in Dubai with
105 member nations, twelve of
which hold full membership and
can play Test Cricket.
 definition

Cricket is an outdoor bat-and-ball
game played between two teams of
eleven players on a field at the centre
of which is a 20-metre (22-
yard) pitch with a wicket at each end,
each comprising two bails balanced
on three stumps. The batting side
scores runs by striking
the ball bowled at the wicket with the
bat, while
the bowling and fielding side tries to
prevent this and dismiss each player.
 rules and regulations

Cricket is a bat and ball game  played

between two teams of eleven players
each, played in a ground having a
rectangular clearing in the middle known
as pitch.
Length of the pitch is of 20.12 m or 22
yards in length and 10ft (3.05 metre) in
width with a wicket at each end, each
comprising two bails balanced on
three stumps.
Before start of the game a coin is tossed,
winner of the toss decides either to bowl or
bat first.
The person who hits the ball is called
“Batsman”, another person who bowls is
called “Bowler”.
The batting side scores runs by striking
the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat,
while the bowling and fielding side tries to
prevent this and dismiss each player.
 rules and regulations
The aim of the two teams is to restrict the
opponent in less runs while bowling and make
maximum runs while batting.
The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided
by a third umpire (located off the field, and
available to assist the on-field umpires).
Match referee is also a part of this game who
observes the moral conduct of the players in a
match, an also punishes them on violation of
rules.
There are various  formats  ranging
from Twenty 20 , played over a few hours with
each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs,
to Test matches, played over five days with
unlimited overs and the teams each batting for
two innings. Limited overs cricket, also known
as one-day cricket, is generally completed in one
day and generally each team bowls a maximum of
50 overs.
CRICKET GROUND
& PITCH
 FUNDAMENTAL
SKILLS
Batting Skills
Batsman should have good wrist
power, eye co-ordination, stamina,
running speed, judgment of speed,
bat speed. He should hit the ball by
perfect choices of shot, timing and
strength and prevent the ball from
hitting the wicket.
Ways of batting:
Block, cut, drive, hook, leg glance,
paddle sweep, pull, sweep, reverse
sweep, slog sweep, slog.
 FUNDAMENTAL
SKILLS
Bowling Skills
Bowling is the action of propelling
the ball towards the wicket defended
by a batsman. A player who has
skills to bowl is known as a bowler.
When the ball is thrown to the
batsman, it is called a ball or
delivery. Priorities of the bowler are
Fast Bowling Deliveries Spin Bowling
to get the batsman out and prevent
Seam Full Toss Off Spin
him from scoring runs.
Swing Beamer Leg Spin
Bouncer Chinaman
Slow Ball Doosra
Reverse Leg Break
 FUNDAMENTAL
SKILLS
Fielding Skills
A good fielder should have more flexibility, and
alertness. He must have good judgement and should
strictly concentrate on all the actions performed by the
batsman and react accordingly. A team should have
good fielding side to win more matches as a good fielder
saves more runs and force the batsman to come under
pressure.
 FUNDAMENTAL
SKILLS
Wicket Keeping Skills
The wicket-keeper  is the player on
the fielding side who stands behind
the wicket or stumps being watchful of
the batsman and is ready to take
a catch, stump the batsman out and run
out a batsman as per the situation . The
wicket-keeper is the only member of the
fielding side permitted to wear gloves
and external leg guards. The position of
the wicket-keeper is according to his own
comfort, either he can stand near or
away from the stumps.
 FUNDAMENTAL skills
Umpiring Skills
An umpire has the authority to make decisions
on the cricket field. Besides making decisions
about the legality of delivery, appeals for
wickets and general conduct of the game, the
umpire also keeps a record of the deliveries and
announces the completion of an over.
An umpire is the only person on the field who
enjoys the game from close quarters and is in
control of the progression of the game.
Skills needed for an Umpire
•Must know all the laws of cricket properly
•Incisive understanding of the game
•Ability to take spontaneous decisions
•Be a good manager
•Be extremely patient
 FUNDAMENTAL
terminologies
Wicket
It has several meanings. It is set of 3 stumps with
two bails. Second the dismissal of a batsman is
known as the taking of a wicket, and third,
the cricket pitch itself is sometimes referred to
as the wicket.
The Over
An over consists of six balls bowled, excluding
wides and no-balls. Consecutive overs are
delivered from opposite ends of the pitch.
Boundaries
A boundary is marked around the edge of the
field of play. If the ball is hit into or past this
boundary, four runs are scored, or six runs if the
ball doesn't hit the ground before crossing the
boundary.
Dead ball
A ball from which no runs or wickets can be
taken.
 FUNDAMENTAL
terminologies
No Ball : Illegitimate delivery when
bowler has overstepped the crease .
Wide Ball : A delivery that pitches too
far away from the batsman and so proves
impossible to score .
Bye : A run scored when the batsman
does not touch the ball with either his bat
or body.
Leg-bye: If a ball hits the striker but
not the bat and runs are scored, they are
called leg-byes.
Extras : Additional runs can be gained
by the batting team as extras due to errors
made by the fielding side.
Ways of dismissal: There are ten ways
in which a batsman can be dismissed. The
common forms of dismissal are bowled,
caught, leg before wicket (lbw), run out
and stumped.
 equipments
Ball : A red, white or pink ball with
a cork base, wrapped in twine covered
with leather. A cricket ball is between
8.81 and 9 inches in circumference,
and weighs between 5.5 and
5.75 ounces in men's cricket. A slightly
smaller and lighter ball is specified in
women's cricket, and slightly smaller
and lighter again in junior cricket.
Bat : A wooden bat is used. The wood
used is from the Kashmir or
English willow tree. The bat cannot be
more than 38 inches long and 4.25
inches wide. The bat has a long handle
and one side has a smooth face.
Stumps : Three upright wooden
poles that, together with the bails,
form the wicket.
 equipments
Bails : Two crosspieces made of
wood, placed on top of the stumps.
Sight screen : A screen placed at the
boundary known as the sight screen.
This is aligned exactly parallel to the
width of the pitch and behind both
pairs of wickets.
Boundary : A rope demarcating the
perimeter of the field known as the
boundary.
Apart from the equipments , there
are lot of clothing and protective gear
specifications like helmet, gloves,
wicketkeeper gloves, leg pads.
values of games & sports
Games and Sports are essential in life
for the harmonious development of
body, mind and soul. To lead a happy
and successful life, physical and
mental fitness is indispensable which
are provided by sports. After playing
games we feel cheerful and active. It
removes the dullness of mind. Games
teach us discipline, patience and
teamwork. They build character.
Winning or losing is an essential part
in life is the most important value
imparted by games. From Games and
sports people learn about Fair
play which is proper consideration for
fairness, ethics, respect for rules and
the competitors. Games and sports
have great value in students life. It
develops their sportsmen sprit, mental
outlook, cheerful nature and strong
physique. All these are important
traits of a successful life.
 injuries

Injuries in Cricket could be classified

as direct injuries or indirect injuries.
Direct injuries are due to impact with
the cricket ball, bat or ground.
Indirect injuries occur mostly overuse
due to repetitive movement. The most
common types of injuries suffered
through cricket are strains, sprains,
fractures, ligament tears and
bruising. Many of these injuries affect
the upper body, particularly the hands
and fingers.
The other commonly injured body
parts are lower back, thighs, legs and
shoulders. Fast bowlers have the
highest injury prevalence rate
followed by batsmen. Using the right
techniques and equipment for the
sport can help prevent injury.
 bibliography

https://en.wikipedia.org
https://www.icc-cricket.com
https://www.britannica.com/sports/cric
ket-sport
https://www.encyclopedia.com/cricket-
game

NCERT History text book of Class 9

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