Major Genres

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2 1 Hi!
L i t e r a t u r e
from t h e
i n e s Let’s
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Ph i l i p p study!
Let us
discuss:
MAJOR GENRES OF
THE 21st CENTURY
PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL
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LITERATURE
GENRE
A style, especially in the arts,

that involves a particular set of
characteristics.
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MAJOR
GENRES
● Poetry
● Fiction
● Creative Nonfiction
● Drama
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POE
It is a literary type, written in verse that makes
TRY
up stanzas. It consists of a language with a
strong musical quality in which words are
highly-charged with meaning.
• measures,
• rhyming
• sound pattern
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• tones.
ELEMENTS
• Sound - It refersOF POETRY
• Sense - It is revealed through words, images, and symbols.
to the creative use of words by poets to imitate sounds.
• Structure - It refers to the arrangement of words and lines to fit together
and the organization of the parts from the whole.
• Tone - It refers to the poet’s or speaker’s attitude toward the subject,
toward the reader, or toward himself.
• Voice - It refers to the speaking persona in poetry where specific
characters are not indicated as the speaker.
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CLASSES OF
POETRY
LYRIC POETRY NARRATIVE
POETRY
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LYRIC POETRY
–A kind of poetry that expresses emotions, mood, and reflection

of the musical language of the poet.
a. Ode – A majestic type of lyric poetry with an expression of

enthusiasm and dignity to someone loved.
b. Elegy – A lyric poem with the subject matter of death. It
represents a tone of a deep feeling of personal grief for someone
who passed away.
c. Song – A short lyric poetry that is intended primarily to be
sung and has the particular melodious quality required by the
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singing voice.
NARRATIVE
POETRY
-A long descriptive poem that narrates a story in a sequential

order about life and events that may be real or imaginary.
a. Epic – This is a long narrative poem that tells stories about the
life, quests, and adventures of a supernatural hero.
b. Ballad – It is considered to be the simplest and shortest form.

Its verses suggest significant events mean to be sung.
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TI O N
FIC
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FICTI
ON
This refers to any imaginative facts and ideas
of life. The characters and settings are purely
works of the author’s mind and may or may
not happen in real life.
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TYPES OF
CHIK LIT FICTION
FLASH SPECULATIV
FICTION E FICTION
NOVEL SHORT
STORY
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CHIK LIT
It addresses issues of modern
womanhood, often
humorously and light-
heartedly. The genre became
popular in the late 1990s. It
"consists of heroine-centered
narratives that focus on the
trials and tribulations of their
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individual protagonists".
FLASH
FICTION
A style of fictional literature

of extreme brevity that still
offers character and plot
development.
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SPECULATIVE
FICTION
– It is a broad category of fiction
encompassing genres with certain elements
that do not exist in the real world, often in
the context of supernatural, futuristic, or
other imaginative themes. These include, but
are not limited to, science fiction, fantasy,
horror, superhero fiction, alternate history,
utopian and dystopian fiction, and
supernatural fiction, as well as combinations
thereof (e.g. science fantasy).
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NOVEL
A fictitious prose narrative of

book length, typically
representing character and
action with some degree of
realism.
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SHORT
STORY
A short narrative story that

focuses on a single plot and
is characterized by its
different elements.
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ELEMENTS OF A SHORT STORY
1. Setting - It is a description of where and when the story takes place.
2. Characters - A person or animal or really anything personified.
3. Plot - It consists of the events that happen in the story.
4. Conflict - Every story must have a conflict, challenge, or problem around
which the plot is based.
5. Point of View – This pertains to the voice used by the writer as a
narrator of the story and how it was seen or told.
6. Mood – This refers to the atmosphere and tone of the story
7. Theme – It pertains to the central idea which conveys truth and values
according to the author’s purpose and perspective on the human
experience.
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8. Symbols – These are the images and objects used in the story to stand for
something other than themselves.
MAJOR TYPES OF CHARACTERS
1. Protagonist – The main character in the story.
2. Antagonist – The villain who opposes the main

character.
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FIVE PARTS OF PLOT
Denouement
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TYPES CONFLICT
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THREE POINTS OF VIEW
A. Omniscient – The author allows the inner

thoughts and feelings of the main characters to be
presented in the text.
B. First Person Point of View – The author is the one
observing and speaking in the story. He can be
one of the characters or the one portraying his
own identity.
C. Third Person or Limited Point of View – The
author chooses a character as a narrator who will
be the central observer and detects action inside
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the story.
TI V E
CREA
I C T I ON
NONF
03
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CREATIVE
NONFICTION
It is expository in nature and deals with facts
and reality and aims to explain a theory, idea,
and point of view. It refers to a genre of
writing that uses literary styles and
techniques to create a factually accurate
narrative.
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AUTOBIOGRAP BIOGRAPHY ESSAY
HY
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It is a self-written account of life oneself.
The word autobiography literally means
SELF (auto), LIFE (bio), and WRITING
AUTOBIOGRAP
(graph). Or, in other words, an
HY
autobiography is the story of someone's
life written or otherwise told by that
person.
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An account of someone's life written by
someone else. A detailed description of a
BIOGRAPH person's life. It involves more than just
Y basic facts like education, work,
relationships, and death; it portrays a
person's experience of these life events.
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This is a piece of writing which
ESSAY
is often written from an
author’s personal point of view.
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DRAM A
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DRA
MA
This is a story written which is intended to be
performed and presented on stage. It is the
art of imitating human characters and
actions.
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GENRES OF
TRAGEDY DRAMA
COMEDY TRAGICOME
DY
FARCE MELODRAM
A
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TRAGEDY
The tragedy deals with a serious action in
which the consequences are of great
magnitude to the characters involved. The
protagonist realizes the severity of the flaw
too late, which leads to an inevitable downfall.
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COMEDY
Comedy represents the sense of renewal and

rebirth, which is why this genre traditionally
ends with a wedding and the expectation of a
future generation.
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TRAGICOMED
Y The tragicomedy attempts to portray
characters and life in the most realistic way.
Action, characters, and plot are not absolute,
but nonjudgmental. As the name suggests,
these plays present a thorough mix of tragedy
and comedy.
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FARCE
A comic dramatic piece that uses highly

improbable situations, stereotyped characters,
extravagant exaggeration, and violent
horseplay.
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MELODRAMA
The melodrama has clearly distinguished

good and evil characters. These plays end
with a strict moral judgment that rewards the
good and punishes evil in a fitting way.
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ELEMENTS OF DRAMA
1. Plot - The order of events occurring in a play makes its plot. Essentially, the
plot is the story that the play narrates.
2. Characters – People or creatures in a play.
3. Setting – The time and place of a literary work.
4. Dialogue – Conversation in a play a. Aside – A short speech delivered by the
actor to the audience that the other characters do not hear.
5. Soliloquy - A short speech delivered by the actor by uttering his inner
thoughts to the audience in order to reveal personal feelings.
6. Gesture – The physical movements of the character on stage.
7. Music – It is used to add color and dramatic effect to the play.
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8. Theme – The central idea or message that explains what the play is all about.
THANK
YOU!
PREPARED BY: MS.
CARMELETE
GONZALES
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Major Genres

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Major Genres

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s t - C e n t u r y

A style, especially in the arts,

–A kind of poetry that expresses emotions, mood, and reflection

a. Ode – A majestic type of lyric poetry with an expression of

-A long descriptive poem that narrates a story in a sequential

b. Ballad – It is considered to be the simplest and shortest form.

A style of fictional literature

A fictitious prose narrative of

A short narrative story that

1. Protagonist – The main character in the story.

2. Antagonist – The villain who opposes the main

A. Omniscient – The author allows the inner

Comedy represents the sense of renewal and

A comic dramatic piece that uses highly

The melodrama has clearly distinguished

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