Module9 UCSP

Concept,Characteristics and Forms of
Stratification System
CONNECTING THE PREVIOUS LESSON TO NEW LESSON
CONNECTING THE PREVIOUS LESSON TO
NEW LESSON
What do you think is
the effect of online
learning to different
social class if this type
of learning opportunity
becomes standard in
the Philippine education
during the time of
COVID-19 pandemic?
Heterogen
eity
Social
standing Historical
(accdg. to
Sociologist) Social
Stratificat
ion
Inherent
character
Universal
of all
societies
Social Stratification
Refers to a society’s
categorization of its
people into rankings of
socio-economic tiers
based on factors like
wealth, income, race,
education and power.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
1. It is the characteristics of society, not
simply a reflection of individual
differences.
2. It persists over generation.
3. It is universal but variable.
4. It involves not just inequality but beliefs.
Social Stratification and Social Differentiation
 refers to the ranking of  refers to how people

people in a society. can be distinguished
 In short social from one another.
stratification is the
 People in a group may
separation of people
into social categories differ in skin color,
and these categories hair color, race,
are ranked as higher mental and physical
or lower ability, and the like.
assigned
or given
Individual’s by
position in a the society
social Ascribed or group
structure Status on the
Status basis of
some fixed
earned by category…
the evaluation of
individual Achieved status; does not
because of Prestige apply directly to
his or her Status the person but to
talent, skills, the social
occupation category to which
and persons belong
perseverance to.
Weber’s Component Theory
on Social Stratification
 Power refers to the ability to influence other
people. It is getting what they want despite the
unwillingness of others to give in to their desires.
 Prestige refers to the person’s position in the
society. This refers to having a certain status
that enables someone to have resources or
opportunities.
 3. Wealth refers to the amount of resources that a
person has (Arcinas, 2016).
(Ariola, 2012) …
one may be
viewed as
belonging to the Sourceoroffamily
Kinship income
Location
Occupation
of residence
upper social Education
Type of house dwelling
strata or lower
social strata
depending on
the following
Types of Social
Stratification and
their Characteristics
The class structure is an open
system. It encourages people to
Open System strive and achieve something.

People belonging to one social class
have similar opportunities, similar
lifestyles, attitudes, behavior and
possibly similar socio-economic
positions.
It is based on achievement, allow
movement and interaction between
layers and classes. One person can
move up or down to class through
intermarriages, opportunities, or
achievement. People have equal
Closed System
 Closed system accommodates
little change in social position.
 Do not allow people to shift
levels and do not permit social
relationships between levels.
1. CASTE SYSTEM
• People are unable to change their social
standing.
• Promotes belief in fate, destiny, and the
will of higher spiritual power rather than
promotion of individual freedom.
• People born into caste society are
socialized to accept their standing for
the rest of their lives.
• No opportunity to improve one’s social
position.
2. ESTATE SYSTEM
• somewhat a closed system in
which the person’s social
standing is based on
ownership of land, birth, or
military strength.
• In the middle ages there are
three (3) major estates in
Europe – nobility, clergy, and
the peasants.
Ethic System
• based on national origin, language and religion.
• Ethnicity sets segments of society apart and each
group has a sense of identity.
• People interact more freely with those people belonging
to the same ethnic category.
• During the Spanish and American colonial systems in
the Philippines, the colonizers perceived themselves to
be occupying the upper social class than the Filipinos
or the natives whom they called as Indios.
• Immigrants usually belong to a lower status than the
inhabitants.
• The Gaddangs, Itawis, Ituweraw, Ilonngots, and other
SOCIAL MOBILITY
The movement of persons from one position to another in
the stratification system. This pertains to the idea that
people have an equal opportunity to end up at the top of
stratification system; that anyone can reach the apex or
peak of the hierarchy.
Meritocracy- a system in which social mobility is based
on personal merit and individual changes.
TYPES OF MOBILITY
1. Horizontal Social Mobility- This is the change of position of a
person to another position of the same rank.
2. Vertical Social Mobility-happens when a person moves from
one social class to another.
a. Upward Mobility- upward movement in social class. May be
through education, employment of marriage.
b. Downward Mobility- lowering of social class. Brought by
economic setbacks unemployment illness and dropping out
of school.
Kinds of Social Mobility
 1. Social Mobility refers to the movement upward or
downward among the social positions in any given
social stratification. It may be upward (vertical)
mobility and downward (horizontal) mobility.
 Vertical mobility refers to the movement of people of groups
from one status to another. It involves change in class,
occupation or power. For example, the movement of people
from the poor class to the middle class.
 Horizontal mobility is a change in position without the
change in status. It indicates a change in position, within
the range of the status. A change in status may come
about through one’s occupation, marrying into a certain
family and others. For example, an engineer working in a
factory may resign from his job and join another factory.
 2. Geographical Mobility is otherwise known as
physical mobility.
 It may be a voluntary movement of people from
one geographical area to another due to
change in residence, commuting from home to
office, making business trips, and voluntary
migration from one country to another.
 It may be also a forced migration which include
forced relocation or residence, eviction,
dispossession of unwanted people, and
transportation of slaves.
 3. Role Mobility is the individual’s
shifting from role to role.
 For example, the father is the bread
earner of the family but may be a
teacher in school, or the leader at home
or a follower in the school or office.
 A daughter may be submissive at home
but very active as a campus student
leader. (Ariola, 2012).
Why is there stratification
system?
FUNCTIONALIST THEORY
CONFLICT THEORY-Karl Marx
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIS
FUNCTIONALIST THEORY
Stratification exist because it serves important

purpose or function in the society.
It emphasize that all memebers of the society
performs different roles based on their ability
skill
SOCIAL CONFLICT THEORY
Stratification exist because it benefits certain groups of people
who dominate and exploit others.
It rests highly on the interest that divide the people.
KARL MARX’s SOCIAL CLASSES

Advocated by Karl Marx (1818-1883) who saw the injustice
and unequal treatment of the bourgeoise or the Upper Class to
the Proletariat or the working class during the industrial
revolution
SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM
understand stratification by looking at
people’s interaction and understanding in
their daily lives
it Examines how people’s social standing
affects their everyday interactions.
Thank you!

Module9 UCSP

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Module9 UCSP

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Concept,Characteristics and Forms of

 refers to the ranking of  refers to how people

Open System strive and achieve something.

CONFLICT THEORY-Karl Marx

Stratification exist because it serves important

KARL MARX’s SOCIAL CLASSES

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