Land Navigation
Land Navigation
Topics
Objective Requirements Misc Lane Information Task, Conditions, and Standards Map Reading and Land Nav Basics Negotiating Land Nav Course Tips for Success Questions Time to Practice
References
AMEDDC&S Pam 350-10 FM 3-25.26 GTA 05-02-013
Objective
The objective of the land navigation courses it to measure the candidates ability to navigate from a start point, through intermediate points, to an end point during daylight and darkness.
Requirements
The candidate must successfully complete the performance measures for both day and night courses to receive a GO. The tasks are tested in a field environment with the required equipment.
Task
Navigate From One Point to Another During the Day
Conditions
Given a standard topographic map, scale 1:50,000; a lensatic compass; Graphic Training Aid (GTA) 05-02-012 (coordinate scale and protractor); a pencil; a score sheet; and the eight digit grid coordinates of the start point, three intermediate points, and end point.
Standards
Plot the start point, intermediate points, and the end point on the map. Navigate from the start point, through each intermediate point, in order, to the end point, within 3 hours.
Performance Steps
1. Plot all five points on the map. 2. Navigate from the start point, through the intermediate points, to the end point.
Performance Measures
1. Navigated from the start point, through the intermediate points, in order, to the end point. 2. Correctly recorded the point number or letter of at least three points, excluding the start point. 3. Completed all performance measures within 3 hours. 4. Returned the map and score sheet.
Task
Navigate From One Point to Another During the Night
Conditions
Given a standard topographic map, scale 1:50,000; a lensatic compass; GTA 05-02-012 (coordinate scale and protractor); a pencil; a score sheet; a red-lens flashlight; a chemical light stick for emergency use; and the eight digit grid coordinates of the start point, three intermediate points, and end point.
Standards
Plot the start point, intermediate points, and the end point on the map. Navigate from the start point, through each intermediate point, in order, to the end point, within 4 hours.
Performance Steps
1. Plot all five points on the map. 2. Navigate from the start point, through the intermediate points, to the end point.
Performance Measures
1. Navigated from the start point, through the intermediate points, in order, to the end point. 2. Correctly recorded the point number or letter of at least three points, excluding the start point. 3. Did not mark the route of travel with the redlens flashlight. 4. Completed all performance measures within 4 hours. 5. Returned the map and score sheet.
What is a Map?
A map is a graphic representation of a portion of the earths surface drawn to scale, as seen from above.
Colors on a Map
Green: Vegetation Brown: Relief and elevation Black: Man-made features Red: Major roads, populated areas Blue: Water Red-Brown: Cultural features, all relief features, and elevation, such as contour lines on red-light readable maps
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Topographic Map
27 2 8 7 24 4 11 12 10 23 22 19
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31 41 51 61 71 81 02
21
25
26
27
22
19
3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 0 2
4 11 23 12 10 21 9 24 25 26 8 7
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
Sheet Name Sheet Number Series Name Scale Series Number Edition Number Index to Boundaries Adjoining Sheets Diagram Elevation Guide Declination Diagram Bar Scales Contour Interval Note Spheroid Note Grid Note Projection Note Vertical Datum Note Horizontal Datum Note Control Note Preparation Note Printing Note Grid Reference Box Unit Imprint and Symbol Legend
Parts of a Map
Name, series name, series number, etc. Scale Legend Contour interval Bar scale Declination diagram Grid reference box Additional information
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Legend
This is where you find Your Grid Zone Designators (the 2 letters)
Bar Scale
Scale of Map
Scale: 1:50,000. This means that one unit of measurement on the map is equal to fifty thousand of the same unit on the ground. 1 Inch on the map is 50,000 inches on the ground, 1 pencil on the map is 50,000 pencils on the ground etc.
Declination Diagram
Declination Diagram
Three Types of North
Grid
Y or GN
Magnetic
Arrow
True
Star
GM Angle
Normally stated how to figure out Different dependent on which hemisphere you are
Additional Information
Terrain Features
Major Terrain Features Hill Saddle Supplementary Terrain Features Valley Cut Ridge Fill Depression Minor Terrain Features Draw Spur Cliff
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Hill
Hill
Saddle
Saddle
Valley
Valley
Ridge
Ridge
Depression
Depression
Draw
Draw
Note: the V of the contour lines points up hill
Spur
Spur
Note: the V of the contour lines points down hill
Cliff
Terrain Features
1. Hill 2. Valley
3. Ridge 4. Saddle
5. Depression 6. Draw
7. Spur 8. Cliff
Contour Lines
Index
Thick dark contour line Every 5th contour line Shows elevation
Intermediate
Lay between the Index contour lines Thin contour lines
Supplementary
Dashed Show changes of elevation at least contour interval
Hilltop
Find the elevation of the closest contour line Add the contour interval
Depression
Find the elevation of the closest contour line below the depression Subtract the contour interval
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205 m
140 m
150 m
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Check on Learning
Utilizing the map in front of you, answer the following questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is the scale of this map? What is the contour interval? What is the GM angle? What is the different types of north? Where are the different types of contour lines?
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Protractor
Coordinate Scale and Protractor
GTA 5-2-12
Measuring azimuths
Outer Edge = Mils (6400 in a circle) Inside = Degrees (360 in a circle)
3 scales
1:50,000 1:100,000 1:25,000
Cross hairs
Used for plotting an azimuth
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Protractor
Use this portion when plotting points on a 1:50,000 scale map
Grid Coordinates
Grid Zone Designators
Two letter prefix prior to grid coordinate Found in the grid reference box
1000-Meter Reading
18
1000 Meters
17
16
15 01 02 03 04 05
UP RIGHT
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Finding a 4 Digit
10 Meters
100 Meters
16 03
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Finding a 4 Digit
Plot your point Make a + Point in upper right portion of +
Go RIGHT, and UP
2 7 6 __ NH__ __ / __ 8
Plotting a 4 Digit PE
Give the 4 digit grid coordinate for each of the following:
NH 4670 1. Coordinates_________ NH 4365 2. Coordinates_________ NH 3076 3. Coordinates_________
Object: BM 253 north of Castle Hills Object: Saint Andrew Church, SA Object: Convent in Grey Forest (left side)
Finding a 6 Digit
Finding a 6 Digit
Plot your point Make a + Point in upper right portion of +
Go RIGHT, and UP
2 7 6 8 NH__ __ __/ __ __ __
Finding a 6 Digit
Place 1:50000 portion of protractor on left vertical line of grid square of point
Finding a 6 Digit
Slide protractor to the right till the upper vertical portion of 1:50000 bisects point To get your 3rd number, use the horizontal numbers where they bisect the left grid line and round up or down. To get your 6th number, read up the vertical numbers where the point bisects the line and round up or down. Go RIGHT, and UP 2 7 6 6 __ 8 NH__ __ __ / __ 8 __
Plotting a 6 Digit PE
Give the 6 digit grid coordinate for each of the following:
NH 465703 1. Coordinates_________ NH 437652 2. Coordinates_________ NH 303762 3. Coordinates_________
Object: BM 253 north of Castle Hills Object: Saint Andrew Church, SA Object: Convent in Grey Forest (left side)
Finding an 8 Digit
Finding a 8 Digit
You now take it one step farther from the 6 Digit Break each segment on the protractor (i.e. 0-1) into tenths. To get your 3rd and 4th numbers, use the horizontal numbers where they bisect the left grid line. To get your 7th and 8th numbers, read up the vertical numbers where the point bisects the line. Go RIGHT, and UP 2 __ 5 9 6 __ 7 8 NH__ 7 __ __ / __ 8 __ __
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Plotting an 8 Digit PE
Give the 8 digit grid coordinate for each of the following:
NH 46467034 1. Coordinates_________ NH 43656520 2. Coordinates_________ NH 30277624 3. Coordinates_________
Object: BM 253 north of Castle Hills Object: Saint Andrew Church, SA Object: Convent in Grey Forest (left side)
Check on Learning
Utilizing the map in front of you, answer the following questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Where do you find the grid zone designators? How close will a 6 digit grid coordinate put you to your point? How close will an 8 digit grid coordinate put you to your point? What is the golden rule of map reading? Who is your favorite EFMB Train-Up Instructor?
Determining Distance
Straight Line Method Used to measure the straight line distance between two points 1. Take a piece of paper and line it up through your start and end points 2. Put a small tick mark on the paper at each point 3. Move the paper to the bar scale and determine the distance in meters between the two tick marks
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NH 4670 4250
NH 4072 6400
1. Take a piece of paper or a ruler and run it from the start point (cross hairs) through your end point
You can make a penciled in line on your map
1. Look on the inner circle (degrees), where the line crosses it. That is your grid azimuth
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SP
SP
SP
36 degrees
1. This will give you your magnetic azimuths to navigate the land navigation course
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GM Angle
The GM Angle for the map to the right is 8 degrees The GM Angle for the map you have is ___ degrees Magnetic=Major
Add GM Angle
Going Major to General is a adding rank
Grid= General
Compass
Using a Compass
Compass to Check Method Centerhold Method
Shooting an Azimuth
Back Azimuth
A back azimuth is like doing an about face How do you get a back azimuth:
You are navigating to your point on an azimuth of 75. You cant find your point and want to go back and try again. Find the back azimuth of 75, which is 255. Shoot an azimuth of 255 and go back to your previous point. You are navigating to your point on an azimuth of 215. You cant find your point and want to go back and try again. Find the back azimuth of 215, which is 35. Shoot an azimuth of 35 and go back to your previous point.
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Pace Count
You learned how to figure the distance on the map, but to use that information on the course you need a pace count A pace count is the method used to determine distance as you walk on the land nav course The land nav site will have a 100 meter pace count for you
Some sites will have one over rough terrain and another for on flat terrain
When you get to the end of the 100 meter pace count, the number you are on is your 100 meter pace count
i.e. 64
Start
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End
I found my first 32, thats 50 point. Time to More meters 64, thats 64, thats 64, thatsdown write it 450 total 200 meters 300 meters 400 meters 1st Pt 15
Walking on azimuth
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Listen closely to the cadres lane and safety briefing. Verify your pace count. Verify your compass and charge it if Night Land Nav. Go through the shake down for unauthorized items. Ensure you have all of your equipment.
Compass Protractor Mechanical pencil ** 3 x 5 cards ** Ziplock bag to store map and grade sheet so they dont get wet** Clipboard ** Piece of dental floss or the guts of 550 cord ** Weapon, Protective Mask, Kevlar, etc.
** : These are suggested items to make it easier for you to plot your points.
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2 My2 0 3 a 05
C -6
NAVIGATE FROM ONE POINT TO ANOTHER DU CONDITIONS: Given a standard topographic map, Graphic Training Aid (GTA) Control Office 05-02-012 (coordinate Expert Field Medical Badge Test
2 My2 3 a 0
C -6
CONDITIONS: Given a
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Utilize the information on your grade sheet, plot the 8 digit grids for your points using your protractor
Label the points SP, 1, 2, 3, 4 (EP) while you plot them so you dont get confused
2 My2 0 3 a 05
EP 3 SP
C -6
EP 3
SP
2 1
Negotiate In Order
AMEDDC&S Pam 350-10 states that you must navigate from the start point, through the intermediate points, in order, to the end point.
2 My2 0 3 a 05
EP 3 SP
C -6
Terrain Association
Terrain association is NOT RECOMMENDED as the primary method for navigating to your points. Features may not be the same as what is on the map.
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Terrain Association
Candidates use this one so they dont have to be in the woods. They just follow the roads, if possible. Major problem is that roads may not be current to FOR EXAMPLE: what is depicted on the map
SP - 1: Walk south on road to 4th intersection turn right. Pt on corner at end of road
SP 2 1 3 EP
WARNING Terrain association is not recommended as the primary method for negotiating your course. Man made features change. Many maps are old and not up to date.
1 - 2: Follow road to the NW around curve for 400 meters. Pt on SE corner 2 - 3: Follow roads. Pt is on North side of unimproved road near a windmill. 3 EP: Walk 800 meters at 93 to the east. Pt is on east side of a saddle between two hilltops.
EP 3
SP
2 1
EP 3
SP
2 1
EP 3
SP
2 1
EP 3
SP
2 1
Distance Azimuth 173 SP 1: 990 m 35 1 2: 400 m 284 2 3: 525 m 330 3 EP: 330 m
338 - 8 = 330 181 - 8 = 173 43 - 8 = 35292 - 8 = 284
EP 3
SP
2 1
2 My2 0 3 a 05
CA
C -6
EVA
CONDITIONS: Given a standard topographic map, sc Graphic Training Aid (GTA) 05-02-012 (coordinate sca
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WARNING Be careful when using man made features (i.e. roads). Man made features can change.
SP
SP
Boxing an Obstacle
Sometimes you might come across an obstacle that you cant go over or through. This is when you would need to box the obstacle.
s ter me 0 15 long
7
10 meters high
C
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10 meters high
10 meters high
225
135 C 10 PACES
SAME
2M 3
C -6
NAVIGATE FROM
2 My20 3 a 05
C -6
2
BCC
Receive Your Go or No Go
Only the Land Nav NCOIC will tell you if you received a Go or No Go, not cadre at End Point
2 3
C -6
2
X X X X
BCC
NAVIGATE FRO
6
GO 4 for 4
Bring a protractor that is cut correctly Bring an extra compass in case yours breaks on the course
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Carry your map and grade sheet somewhere where you wont lose them
i.e. Ammo pouch. Not in your helmet name band!!!!!!
Keep your weapon slung across your back so you dont lose it
Dont take it off and set it against a tree. Youll forget!
Even though it may seem easier, dont use terrain association as your primary method of navigating to your points. You may be setting yourself up for failure. Give yourself plenty of time to get back to a turn in table so you dont go over time
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Questions
Time to Practice