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Chapter 17 Powerpoint PS
Chapter 17 Powerpoint PS
Speed = m/s
Wavelength = m
Frequency = 1/s or Hz
Sample Problem
One end of a rope is vibrated to produce a
wave with a wavelength of 0.25m. The
frequency of the wave is 3.0Hz. What is the
speed of the wave?
v=x
v=? v=x
= 0.25m v = 0.25m x 3.0(1/s)
= 3.0Hz v = 0.75m/s
Practice Problems
A wave on a rope has a wavelength of 2.0m
and a frequency of 2.0Hz. What is the speed of
the wave?
v=x v = 2.0m x 2.0(1/s) = 4.0m/s
A wave in the water has a frequency of 4Hz
and a wavelength of 0.1m. What is the speed
of the wave?
v=x v = 0.1m x 4(1/s) = 0.4m/s
Practice Problems
SKIP!
What is the wavelength of an earthquake wave
if it has a speed of 5km/s and a frequency of
10Hz?
v = x = v/ = 5km/s / 10(1/s) = 0.5km
A wave travels at 1.8m/s and have a
wavelength of 1.2m. What is the frequency of
this wave?
v = x = v/ = 1.8m/s / 1.2m = 1.5Hz
Speed
If you assume that waves are traveling at a
constant speed, then wavelength is inversely
proportional to frequency.
If wavelength increases, then frequency
decreases.
If wavelength decreases, then frequency
increases.
Amplitude
The amplitude of a wave is the maximum
displacement of the medium from its rest
position.
The more energy a wave has, the greater is its
amplitude.
Section 17.2 Assessment
How is wavelength related to frequency for
waves moving at a constant speed?
How is the energy of a wave related to its
amplitude?
If you double the frequency of a wave, what is
the effect on its wavelength?
Section 17.2 Assessment
SKIP!
A wave on a rope has a frequency of 3.3Hz
and a wavelength of 1.2m. What is the speed
of the wave?
v = x v = 1.2m x 3.3(1/s) = 4.0m/s
Warm-Up Nov.7
1. What is the area of a longitudinal
wave where the particles are close
together?
2. How do the particles of a surface
wave move?
3. What is the lowest point on a
transverse wave called?
Section 17.3 – Behavior of Waves
Reflection occurs when a wave bounces off a
surface that is cannot pass through.
Reflection does not change the speed or
frequency of a wave, but the wave can be
flipped upside down.
Reflection
An incident ray is the incoming light wave.
A reflected ray is the light wave that has
bounced off of the surface.
The normal is an imaginary line perpendicular
(at a right angle) to the surface.
The angle of incidence always equals the angle
of reflection.
Sample Problem
What is the angle of incidence and what is the
angle of reflection?
35o
Regular vs Diffuse Reflection
A regular reflection is a clear image that is
produced when light waves hit a smooth
surface and the waves are reflected together at
the same angle.
A diffuse reflection is a blurry image that is
produced when light waves hit a rough surface
and the waves are reflected in different
directions (scattered).
Refraction
Refraction is the bending of a wave as it enters
a new medium at an angle.
When a wave enters a medium at an angle,
refraction occurs because one side of the wave
moves more slowly than the other side.
Refraction
The angle changes when refraction occurs
depending on whether the waves speed up or
slow down.
fast slow
slow fast
Sample Problem
Which of the following could be the refracted
ray of light of a wave that passes into a new
medium and speeds up?
Y
Practice Problem
Which of the following could be the refracted
ray of light of a wave that passes into a new
medium and slows down? W
Which of the following is the reflected ray of
light?
Z
Diffraction
Diffraction is the bending of a wave as it
moves around an obstacle or passes through a
narrow opening.
A wave diffracts more if its wavelength is
large compared to the size of an opening or
obstacle.
Interference
Interference occurs when two or more waves
overlap and combine together.
Two types of interference are constructive
interference and destructive interference .
Constructive Interference
Constructive Interference occurs when two or
more waves combine to produce a wave with a
larger displacement.
Destructive Interference
Destructive interference occurs when two or
more waves combine to produce a wave with a
smaller displacement.
Standing Waves
A standing wave is a wave that appears to stay
in one place.
A node is a point on a standing wave that has
no displacement from the rest position.
An antinode is a point where a crest or trough
occurs midway between two nodes.
Section 17.3 Assessment
How is a wave changed by reflection?
What causes refraction when a wave enters a
medium at an angle?
What determines how much a wave diffracts
when it encounters an opening or an obstacle?
How does the frequency of a reflected wave
compare with the frequency of the incoming
wave?
What is the amplitude of a wave that results
when two identical waves interfere
constructively?
Warm-Up Nov. 11
1. What is reflection?
2. What is refraction?
3. What is diffraction?
Section 17.4 – Sound and
Hearing
Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel
through a medium.
Many behaviors of sound can be explained
using a few properties – speed, intensity and
loudness, and frequency and pitch.
Speed
In dry air at 20oC, the speed of sound is 342
m/s.
In general, sound waves travel fastest in solids,
slower in liquids, and slowest in gases.
This is due to the fact that particles in a solid
tend to be closer together than particles in a
liquid or a gas.
Intensity and Loudness
Intensity is the rate at which a wave’s energy flows
through a given area.
Sound intensity depends on both the wave’s
amplitude and the distance from the sound source.
The decibel (dB) is a unit that compares the
intensity of different sounds.
Loudness is a physical