Lec 1

Fluid Mechanics – I
Introduction
Lec : Ahmad Hanan

Course Overview
• Course Title: Fluid Mechanics – I
• Course Code: CE 251
• Credit Hours: Theory = 2
Practical = 1
Total = 3
• Contact Hours: Lecture = 2hrs/week
Lab = 3hrs/week
• Syllabus: a. Properties of fluids

b. Pressure and its measurement
c. Hydrostatics
d. Floating bodies
e. Kinematics of flow
f. Fundamental equations of fluid motion
g. Dimension analysis and similitude
Course Learning Outcomes
S. Taxonomy
CLO Domain PLO
No Level
Acquire the basic knowledge of fluid properties, effects of forces and

1 mathematical equations to understand the concepts of fluid behaviour in Cognitive 2 1
fluid statics and dynamics.
2 Methodically solve and analyze the problems of fluid statics and dynamics. Cognitive 4 2
Conduct experiments to measure the flow, effects of forces (pressure,

gravity and buoyancy etc), use of gauges in closed conduits and open Psychomotor/
3 3 9
channel. in the laboratory. Demonstrate and respond during lab work of Affective
FM-1.
PLO 1 : Engineering Knowledge

PLO 2 : Problem Analysis
PLO 9 : Individual and Teamwork
Books
Textbook (s)
1. “A text book of hydraulics, fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines” by R.S. Khurmi.
2. “Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics” by Munson, B.R, Young, D.F and Okiishi, T.H,
John Wiley & Sons
References Material:
3. “Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications” by Franzini, J.B, Daugherty and

Finnemore E.J, McGraw Hill.
4. “Civil Engineering Hydraulics” by J.R.D. Francis & P. Minton
5. “Engineering Fluid Mechanics” by Clayton T. Crowe, Donald F. Elgar, Barbara F.
Williams, John A. Roberson.
6. “Fluid Mechanics” by Frank M. White.
7. “List of Fluid Mechanics I practicals in Hydraulics lab”
* Everything being taught in the class and given in assignments is the part of syllabus
Assessment System
•THEORETICAL/INSTRUCTION 67%
Assignments 10%
Quizzes 10%
One hour Tests 35%
End Semester Exam 45%
•PRACTICAL WORK 33%
Laboratory Work 70%

Laboratory Performance 20%
Laboratory Report 50%
Laboratory Quiz 15%
Attendance 15%
Viva/Quiz 30%
Assignments
• Weightage: 10% of the theoretical portion
• No. of assignments: 4 x Assignments (could be more)
• Mode of submission: At my office, before deadline
• Late submission: up to -
24 hours - 20% deduction
48 hours - 50% deduction
48 hours or more - Zero
• Plagiarism: You can take help from internet/colleagues

You are not allowed to copy someone else’s work
Quizzes
• Weightage: 10% of the theoretical portion
• No. of Quizzes: 4 x Quizzes (could be more)
• Can be announced or unannounced
• Conduct: The following actions will result in cancelation of quiz

• Using helping material
• Copying from a fellow colleague
• Writing once I asked you to stop
You are an engineering student, you should always possess a

calculator with you. No excuse whatsoever will be accepted!
Class Rules
• If anyone found disturbing the class, while I am teaching, he will be marked
absent and will be no longer allowed to sit in my class till the Adjutant Cadet
Cell / Company Commander / G1 (acad) / CI approves.
• If you’re called by any other instructor/ staff during my class/lab. Ask

him/her to write a statement that you are with them.
•Needless to say a senior cadet is not an authority.
• If you are not present during the lecture for any reason you’ll be marked
absent.
• I will not repeat same thing again and again, be attentive in the class.
•Sleeping during lecture / lab is not allowed.

What you need to bring in Fluid Mechanics class?
Pen Paper
Calculator Positive Attitude

Importance and Relevance of
the subject to the Real Life
Importance and Relevance
Fluid mechanics is involved in nearly all areas of Civil Engineering either

directly or indirectly
• Sea and river (flood control)

• Water distribution / sewerage (sanitation) networks
• Hydraulic design of water/sewage treatment works
• Dams
• Irrigation canals etc
• Pumps and Turbines
• Water retaining structures
• Air flow around the buildings
• Pipelines
• Bridge construction
• Floating structures
Fluids
States of Matter
Solid Gas
Liquid
Fluids
Definition: Fluid is a substance that deform continuously under the

application of shear stress, no matter how small the stress may be
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
• Mechanics: The branch of physical science that deals with both stationary
and moving bodies under the influence of forces.
• Statics: The branch of mechanics that deals with bodies at rest.
• Dynamics: The branch that deals with bodies in motion.
• Fluid mechanics: The science that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest
(fluid statics) or in motion (fluid dynamics), and the interaction of fluids with
solids or other fluids at the boundaries.
• Hydrodynamics: The study of the motion of fluids that can be approximated

as incompressible (such as liquids, especially water, and gases at low speeds).
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
• Hydrostatics: The study of fluids at rest and the pressure in a fluid or exerted
by a fluid on an immersed body
• Hydraulics: A subcategory of hydrodynamics, which deals with liquid flows in

pipes and open channels.
• Gas dynamics: Deals with the flow of fluids that undergo significant density
changes, such as the flow of gases through nozzles at high speeds.
• Aerodynamics: Deals with the flow of gases (especially air) over bodies such
as aircraft, rockets, and automobiles at high or low speeds.
• Meteorology, oceanography, and hydrology: Deal with naturally occurring

flows.
Continuum Concept of Fluid
Even though fluids are composed of molecules, atoms and sub-atomic
particles, fluids can be treated as continuum by ignoring its particulate
nature (a macroscopic approach)
Compressibility of Fluids
Gas Compressible
Liquid Incompressible
•Even though all fluids are compressible by some extent under special conditions.
•Civil Engineers mostly deal with liquids, specially water

Approaches to Solve Fluid Flow Problems
Analytical Fluid Dynamics (AFD):
Solving fluid mechanics problems by using
mathematical and numerical methods
Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD):

Solving fluid mechanics problems by using
experimental methodologies and procedures
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD):

Solving fluid mechanics problems by
using computational methods
System of Units
Properties of Liquids
• Density
• Specific Weight
• Specific Gravity

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Fluid Mechanics – I

Lec : Ahmad Hanan

• Syllabus: a. Properties of fluids

Acquire the basic knowledge of fluid properties, effects of forces and

Conduct experiments to measure the flow, effects of forces (pressure,

PLO 1 : Engineering Knowledge

3. “Fluid Mechanics with Engineering Applications” by Franzini, J.B, Daugherty and

7. “List of Fluid Mechanics I practicals in Hydraulics lab”

•PRACTICAL WORK 33%

Laboratory Work 70%

• No. of assignments: 4 x Assignments (could be more)

• Mode of submission: At my office, before deadline

• Plagiarism: You can take help from internet/colleagues

• No. of Quizzes: 4 x Quizzes (could be more)

• Can be announced or unannounced

• Conduct: The following actions will result in cancelation of quiz

You are an engineering student, you should always possess a

• If you’re called by any other instructor/ staff during my class/lab. Ask

•Needless to say a senior cadet is not an authority.

•Sleeping during lecture / lab is not allowed.

Calculator Positive Attitude

Fluid mechanics is involved in nearly all areas of Civil Engineering either

• Sea and river (flood control)

Definition: Fluid is a substance that deform continuously under the

• Statics: The branch of mechanics that deals with bodies at rest.

• Dynamics: The branch that deals with bodies in motion.

• Hydrodynamics: The study of the motion of fluids that can be approximated

• Hydraulics: A subcategory of hydrodynamics, which deals with liquid flows in

• Meteorology, oceanography, and hydrology: Deal with naturally occurring

•Civil Engineers mostly deal with liquids, specially water

Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD):

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD):

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