Allison Volcano Powerpoint
Allison Volcano Powerpoint
Thoughts…
can cause them to form magma.
Deep in Earth's interior, most of Earth's mantle is molten, liquid
magma.
Magma is forced quickly toward Earth's surface because it is more
Do you agree or
dense than the rock around it.
Most volcanic eruptions occur near plate boundaries or locations
disagree?
called hot spots.
Magma that is deep underground can contain water vapor and
other gases.
Water vapor in magma usually produces volcanoes that erupt
Write A or D.
quietly with lava that flows smoothly.
Some volcanoes can form without lava flows.
http://litchfieldpatten.weebly.
com/vesuvius-exploration.ht
ml
Pompeii video
http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/discovery-
presents/videos/understanding-volcanoes-imag
es-from-pompeii.htm
On your own…
• Read Pliny’s letter
• What is magma?
• What is a volcano?
An opening in the Earth that
allows lava, ash, and gases to
escape the earth’s crust
What is a
volcano?
What is the difference between a
mountain and a volcano?
•a large pocket
underground full of
magma
•usually about 5 miles
under the surface of
the earth
•it is where lava
comes from
Lava
• comes from the
magma chamber
when a volcano
erupts
• magma that has
reached the earth’s
surface
• it is over 1000
degrees hot
• it turns into igneous
rock
aa – flows slowly and chunky
pahoehoe – fluid and rope like
pillow lava – pillow shaped lumps
most common
Gas and Ash
•made of millions of tiny
fragments of rock and glass
formed during a volcanic
eruption
•less than 2 mm in size
•causes damage because ash
can be carried great distances
throughout the atmosphere
•it has a cooling effect on the
weather because it remains in
the sky and reduces sunlight
•gas is released from the
magma chamber
Vent
• the opening in the
volcano where lava
escapes
• usually found as a hole
at the top of the
volcano
• can also be found as
cracks along the side
Crater
• as lava flows out, it
quickly cools and
forms layers of rock
around the vent
• the steeped walled
depression around a
vent
pyroclastic flow – ash and cinders
Using page 332 in your textbook and
the diagram to draw in your science
notebook a volcano with the following
parts labeled:
Plotting Volcanoes
Longitude lines:
Run north to south/up and down
Latitude lines:
http://www.photovolcanica.com/VolcanoInfo/S
oufriere%20Hills/Soufriere%20Hills.html
Where do volcanoes form?
• hot spots
• magma rises up through the crust in the middle of a
plate
• the hot spot remains in one spot while the plate
continues to move over it
• the result is a trail of volcanoes is left behind with older
volcanoes moving away from the hot spot and newer
ones forming over top of the hot spot
Hawaiian Islands
https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Plate-Tectonics/Ch
ap3-Plate-Margins/Mid-plate/Hawaiian-Islands
Famous Volcanoes
1. Mount Fuji, Japan
• Erupted in 1980
• ask your parents, most will remember this!
4. Paricutin, Mexico
February
2014
2000 meter plume
15,000 evacuated from 17 villages
Erupting since September 2013
active in 2010 after being dormant for 400 years
Ash covers villages up to 70 km away
1 of 129 active volcanoes in Indonesia; part of
the Pacific Ring of Fire
current volcanic eruption
Chaparrastique, El Salvador
• December
2013
• first
eruption in
37 years
• ash and gas
5 km high
current volcanic activity
Costa Rica
• February
2014
• 300 m
plume
• largest so
far in
2014
Alaska – Pavlof Volcano
http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/28/us/pavlof-vol
cano-eruption-alaska/
The fluidity of
a liquid
The
resistance of
a liquid to
flow
Quiet Eruptions
• Basaltic magma
• low in silica
• Fluid
• produces quiet non-explosive eruptions
• Kilauea
• water
Explosive
Eruptions
• Granitic magma
• silica rich
• Thick
• gas gets trapped inside, pressure builds up
• produces explosive eruption
• Soufriere Hills
• honey
Other explosive:
• Andesitic magma
• higher silica content than granitic
• erupt more violently than granitic magma
• Krakatau
Fissures:
• A crack in the earth’s crust where lava erupts
Three Forms of Volcanoes
• SHIELD
• CINDERCONE
• COMPOSITE or STRATOVOLCANO
SHIELD
•Quiet volcano
•Lava flows
•Basaltic lava
•Fissures
•Hawaiian volcanoes
CINDER CONE
• Explosive volcano
• Granitic lava
• Paricutin
tephra
Volcanic cinders
Volcanic ash
Volcanic bombs
Volcanic blocks
COMPOSITE
•Stratovolcano is
another name
•Explosive period
erupts gas and ash
forming a tephra layer
• http://kids.discovery.com/games/build-play/v
olcano-explorer
• Laptops!
Volcano Skits
Types of Rock Features from
Volcanoes
• Batholith
• Sills
• Dikes
• Volcanic neck
• Calderas
Batholith
• Largest intrusive
rock body
• Hundreds of
kilometers wide
and long; several
km thick
• Magma cools and
hardens before
reaching surface
Sills
• Intrusive rock
• Magma is
forced into a
crack parallel to
rock layers and
hardens
Dikes
• Intrusive rock
• Magma is forced
into a crack that
cuts across rock
layers and
hardens
Volcanic Necks
• Volcano stops
erupting and the
magma hardens
inside the vent
• Erosion wears
away the volcano
• The inside (core)
is left as a
volcanic neck
Calderas
• Magma chamber
empties
• The top of a
volcano collapses
• A large depression
is formed
• Water fills it and
creates a lake
What are the benefits of
volcanoes?
• Valuable elements such as silver, gold, sulfur,
zinc and copper are found in magma; the
elements form minerals and miners discover
them
• Magma heats underground water and that
produces heat and electricity that is clean and
renewable
Renewable
energy
source
Recreation
Preserves history
• Pompeii/Herculaneum
• Nebraska – fossils of animals buried in ash
Java, Indonesia
• Has active
volcanoes
• Have grown
rice in the
same plot for
centuries
• Ash helps
renew the soil
Cooking eggs in the steam of a hot
spring in Beppu, Japan
Ol Doinyo Lengai – African volcano
Ash turns into sodium bicarbonate – baking
soda ingredient; wind carries the ash from
Tanzania to Kenya where it is mined.
Underwater volcano vents
• 1.5 miles beneath the surface of the ocean 12
foot worms collect around the vents of volcanoes
Silversword plants grow only on the
volcanic islands of Maui and Hawaii. It
is an endangered species.
Bison gather around the hotsprings of
Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. A magma
chamber beneath Yellowstone heats its
hotsprings.
Build islands
My personal favorite…
…chocolate!
Chocolate comes
from plants that
grow best in
volcanic soil!
Negative Effects of Volcanoes
Play Review Game
• Under my documents “Volcano Review Game”
Some deep, underground rocks are so hot that a drop in pressure
can cause them to form magma.
Let’s review
Deep in Earth's interior, most of Earth's mantle is molten, liquid
magma.
our chapter
Magma is forced quickly toward Earth's surface because it is more
dense than the rock around it.
concepts:
Most volcanic eruptions occur near plate boundaries or locations
called hot spots.
Magma that is deep underground can contain water vapor and
other gases.
Water vapor in magma usually produces volcanoes that erupt
quietly with lava that flows smoothly.
Some volcanoes can form without lava flows.