Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Spanish Colonial Literature
Spanish Colonial Literature
1. Define literature.
2. Identify the forms, genres, elements, and traditions of Philippine literature.
3. Differentiate the periods of Philippine Literature.
"Nuestra Señora del Rosario" by
Fr. Blancas de San Jose
"Barláan at Jósaphát" (first
published in 1708) translated
from Greek to Tagalog by Fr.
Antonio de Borja
"Urbana at Felisa" by Modesto de
Castro who is considered as the
Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog.
• ✔Newspapers. There has been a debate on whether newspapers should be
categorized as literature or not. However, according to Britannica, some high-level
journalism like articles written in a newspaper such as columns and feature articles
can be considered as literature for as long as they achieve a certain level of
satisfaction under aesthetic, chronological, and psychological characterization.
EMERGENCE OF OTHER TYPES OF
LITERATURE DURING SPANISH
COLONIAL PERIOD
•✔ Diaryong Tagalog (1882), a
Spanish-Tagalog newspaper,
published bulk ofFilipino writings.
The publication signaled the open
campaign for reforms.
• ✔ Leona Florentino (1849–1884),
known as the “Mother of Philippine
Women’s Literature" ,was a poet in
both Ilocano and Spanish. Twenty of
her poems were preserved and
exhibited in Europe and were included
in the
Encyclopedia Internationales Oeuvres
des Femme in 1889.
AMERICAN COLONIAL
PERIOD
•✔ The surrender of first Philippine President
Emilio Aguinaldo in 1901 signified the end of
the military struggle for independence.
AMERICAN
COLONIAL PERIOD •✔ Aguinaldo promised allegiance to
America but continued to be very vocal of
(1910-1945) achieving independence for the Philippines.
•✔ Filipino writers were into all forms of literature during the period of
Dimensions of apprenticeship but most of their works were critiqued as an imitation of English and
American models.
Philippine •✔ Short stories became the most prevalent literary form during the latter part
Literature
of American colonial period.
•✔ The existence of American literary works and periodicals as well as the coming of
American teachers encouraged many aspiring Filipino writers to use the English
language.
•✔ A new type of literature began when American system of education and
English language were introduced.
•✔ At the beginning, most of the literary
works written in English were considered
Dimensions of imitative in nature, but then later evolved
Philippine to a new variety of subjects, styles, and
Literature conventions of writing.
Some
Notable
Writers
✔ Japan invaded the Philippines on December 8, 1941 which was strongly opposed
by the Guerillas.
JAPANESE ✔ Captured soldiers and American deportees were forced to have "Death March"to
a prison camp where they walked for 100 kilometers from Mariveles, Bataan to San
COLONIAL Fernando, Pampanga. An estimated 10,000 prisoners died here.
PERIOD ✔ Aguinaldo cooperated with the Japanese to end Filipino and American
(1942-1945) opposition.
Dimensions ✔ Only those who were living in the United States such as Carlos P. Romulo and
Manuel L. Quezon could write freely.
of Philippine
Literature
✔ The use of English language was stopped in almost all publications and only
Tagalog and the vernaculars were permitted.
✔ Few literary works were printed and mostly considered as pessimistic
and bitter according to the author Victoria Abelardo.
✔ Another type of poetry that emerged is the Haiku consisting of three lines
with 5-7-5 syllables or 17 syllabic poetry in all.
✔ Tagalog short stories flourished
and some of the best works were
compiled by the Liwayway magazine
editors in Ang Pinakamabuting Dimensions
Maikling Kathang Pilipino ng 1943.
of Philippine
Literature
DIMENSIONS OF PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
THE ✔ He declared Martial Law on September 21, 1972 and led the country into what he
calls "The New Society" against lawlessness which incited a lot of opposition.
MARTIAL ✔ Marcos was forced to hold an election in 1978 and 1981 to stabilize
the country's chaotic condition where he won again.
LAW ✔ The death of Benigno Simeon "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. became the beginning of calling for
Marcos' removal.
PERIOD
PHILIPPINE ✔ Ferdinand E. Marcos took office for presidency in 1965 who got re-elected in
S DURING
1969 making him the first to win two presidential terms.
THE
✔ He declared Martial Law on September 21, 1972 and led the country into
what he calls "The New Society" against lawlessness which incited a lot of
opposition.
MARTIAL ✔ Marcos was forced to hold an election in 1978 and 1981 to stabilize
the country's chaotic condition where he won again.
LAW ✔ The death of Benigno Simeon "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr. became the beginning of
PERIOD
calling for Marcos' removal.
✔ EDSA People Power Revolution (bloodless revolution)
through the initiative of Maria Corazon C. Aquino and
PHILIPPINE her supporters erupted which marked a significant
national event.
S DURING
THE ✔ Snap election was conducted in 1986 which seated
Corazon Aquino- the widow of Benigno Simeon "Ninoy"
Aquino, Jr. as the 11th President of the Philippines and
MARTIAL ended the 21 years of what many claimed as the tyrant
rule.
LAW
PERIOD ✔ Marcos went on exile in Hawaii, where he died on
September 28, 1989.
✔ The political and economic condition of the Philippines
PHILIPPINES during Cory Aquino's administration was described as chaotic.
AFTER THE ✔ Monopolization of the agricultural industry took place after
MARTIAL
the International Monetary Fund (IMF) forced the Philippines to
pay its debt amounting to 27.2 billion dollars which they
claimed to be inherited from Marcos administration.
LAW PERIOD ✔ Fidel V. Ramos (also known as "Centennial President") took
(5TH office in 1992where he immediately worked on the country's
recovery. He was awarded the Peace Award by UNESCO in his
Another definition given is its connectedness with works of literature that are
highly respected.
WHAT IS
CANONICAL It comes from the root word "canon" or a generally accepted rule, standard or
principle by which something is judged.
?
If something has canonical status, it is accepted as having all the qualities that a
thing of its kind should have.
Thus, canonical authors are those who are highly esteemed and well-respected
writers whose published works have contributed greatly in the field of
literature.
SOME WRITERS ACROSS THE REGION
• LUZON: Among the country's eighteen
recognized National Artists, sixteen are from
Luzon who mostly came from NCR such as :
• Amado V. Hernandez,
• Jose Garcia Villa,
• Nick Joaquin,
• Carlos P. Romulo,
• Francisco Arcellana,
• Rolando S. Tinio,
• Levi Celerio,
• Carlos Quirino,
• Alejandro R. Roces,
• Cirilo F. Bautista.
SOME WRITERS ACROSS THE REGION