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  • Pneumonia WPS Office

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    cana geel 2018
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    Pneumonia is an infection of the small air sacs in the lungs. It is commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, mycobacteria, fungi or parasites. There are different categories of pneumonia including community-acquired pneumonia (developed outside hospitals), hospital-acquired pneumonia, and pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals like those with AIDS. Community-acquired pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath and chest pain. Diagnosis involves symptoms of acute lower respiratory infection as well as new lung findings on examination and imaging.

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    Pneumonia is an infection of the small air sacs in the lungs. It is commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, mycobacteria, fungi or parasites. There are different categories of pneumonia including community-acquired pneumonia (developed outside hospitals), hospital-acquired pneumonia, and pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals like those with AIDS. Community-acquired pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath and chest pain. Diagnosis involves symptoms of acute lower respiratory infection as well as new lung findings on examination and imaging.

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    19 views10 pages

    Pneumonia WPS Office

    Uploaded by

    cana geel 2018
    Pneumonia is an infection of the small air sacs in the lungs. It is commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, mycobacteria, fungi or parasites. There are different categories of pneumonia including community-acquired pneumonia (developed outside hospitals), hospital-acquired pneumonia, and pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals like those with AIDS. Community-acquired pneumonia is usually caused by bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae and presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, shortness of breath and chest pain. Diagnosis involves symptoms of acute lower respiratory infection as well as new lung findings on examination and imaging.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 10

    Pneumonia

    Prepared by dr.Abdullahi Abdurrahman Ibrahim


    Def
    Pneumonia is an infection of the small air sacs of the
    lungs (alveoli) and the tissues around them.

     Pneumonia is one of the most common causes of


    death worldwide.
     Often, pneumonia is the final illness that causes
    death in people who have other serious, chronic
    diseases.
     Some types of pneumonia can be prevented by
    immunization.
    Causes of Pneumonia
    Pneumonia is caused by different microorganisms including
     bacteria,
     viruses
     mycobacteria,
     fungi,
     parasites
    categories of pneumonia include
    ① Community-acquired pneumonia, which develops in
    people living in the community
    ② Hospital-acquired pneumonia, which is an infection
    acquired in the hospital
    ③ Aspiration pneumonia, which occurs when larger
    volumes or particles (for example, saliva, food, or
    vomit) are aspirated and are not cleared from the
    lungs.
    ④ Pneumonia in the immunocompromised host(AIDS)
    Community-acquired pneumonia
      (CAP)

    Pathophysiology
    The lung and tracheobronchial tree are usually sterile
    below the level of the larynx, so an infecting agent must
    reach this site via a breach in host defences. This may
    be by micro-aspiration (which occurs
    In around 45% of healthy individuals overnight),
    haematogenous spread, direct spread from an adjacent
    structure, inhalation, or activation of previously
    dormant infection.
    Aetiology

    1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
    2. Legionella pneumophilia
    3. Staphylococcus aureus
    4. Influenza
    5. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
    6. Chlamydophila pneumoniae
    7. Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
    CAP: clinical features
    • Fever
    • Cough may or non ( Sputum)
    • SOB
    • Pleuritic chest pain
    • Non-specific features in the elderly. May present ‘off
    legs’ or with confusion, in the absence of fever.
    Examination
     Raised RR (may be the only sign in the elderly)
     Tachycardia
     Localizing signs on chest examination.
    • Reduced chest expansion on the affected side,
    • The signs consistent with consolidation (reduced air
    entry, with bronchial breathing, reduced percussion
    note, increased vocal resonance)
    • crackles
     A normal chest examination makes the diagnosis
    unlikely.
    Diagnosis of CAP
    Symptoms and signs of an acute lower respiratory tract
    infection

     New focal chest signs

     New radiographic shadowing, for which there is no
    other explanation

     At least one systemic feature (e.g. sweating, fevers,
    aches, and pains)

     No other explanation for the illness.

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