21st PPT WK 1

Introduction
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the

World Module aims to engage students in
appreciation and critical study of 21st Century
Literature from the Philippines and the World,
encompassing their various dimensions, genres,
elements, structures, contexts, and traditions.
Overview
Learning Competency:
EN12Lit-Ia-21 Identify geographic,

linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of
Philippine literary history from pre-
colonial to the contemporary
Lesson Objectives
 Identify various dimensions of Philippine
literary history from pre- colonial to
contemporary;
 Enumerate differences between and among

periods of Philippine literature as presented
by geographic, linguistic, and ethnic
dimensions;
 Show appreciation of the early and

contemporary forms of Philippine literature.
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Jose Rizal’s works such as Noli Me Tangere and

El Filibusterismo were written to awake the mind
of our countrymen.
a)Spanish Period
b)American Period
c)Pre-Spanish Period
d)Period of Enlightenment
2. The Philippines had literature such as
legends, folktales, folksongs, and the like.
a)Spanish Period
b)Japanese Period
3. In this period, religious books were
written such as Doctrina Cristiana and
Urbana and Felisa to support or contradict
the Catholic Church.
a)Spanish Period
b)American Period
c)21st Century Period
Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like
4.
news, reporting, poetry, stories plays, essays, and

novels which clearly depicted their love of country
and their longings for independence.
a) EDSA 1 Period
b)American Period
c) Pre-Spanish Period
d)3rd Republic Period
5. Filipino
literature was given a break during this
period for the Filipino literature was prohibited to
use. Many wrote plays, poems short stories, etc. Topics
and themes were often about life in the provinces.
a)Japanese Period
b)American Period
d)3rd Republic Period
Philippine Culture
Our forefathers already had their own literature which
was reflected in their customs and traditions. They had
their own alphabet even before they were colonized.
Their alphabet was burned by the Spanish friars in the
belief that they were works of the devil or were written
on materials that easily perished, like the barks of trees,
dried leaves and bamboo cylinders which could not have
remained undestroyed even if efforts were made to
preserve them.
Identitify the following (Pre-colonial, Japanese & American
Period, and Spanish and Period of Enlightenment)
1. Kahapon, ngayon, at bukas – Kapangpangan
2. Lullabyes or ili-ili- Ilongo
3. Ambahan- Mangyan
4. Harana- Cebuano
5. Awit and Korido- Tagalog
6. Lagaylay- Sorsogon
7. THE MORO-MORO- Mindanao
8. Ang Mga Tunuksan Isa Ca Bulacalac – Visaya
Pre-colonial
• Ida-Ida- Maguidanao
• Ibanag- Tagalog
• Lullabyes or ili-ili- Ilongo
• Ambahan- Mangyan
• Harana- Cebuano
• Kissa- Tausug
Japanese & American Period
Kahapon, ngayon, at bukas – Kapangpangan
Ang Mga Tunuksan Isa Ca Bulacalac - Visaya
Spanish and Period of Enlightenment
Awit and Korido- Tagalog
Lagaylay- Sorsogon
THE MORO-MORO- Mindanao
Pre-Spanish Literature
Legends
are a form of prose the common theme of
which is about the origin of a thing, place,
location or name. The events are
imaginary, devoid of truth and
unbelievable.
Folk tales
are made up of stories about life,
adventure, love, horror and humor
where one can derive lessons about
life.
Epics
are long narrative poems in which
a series of heroic achievements or
events, usually of a hero, are dealt
with at length.
Folk songs are one of the oldest forms

of Philippine literature that emerged
in the pre-Spanish period. These
songs mirrored the early forms of
culture.
 Other forms of Pre-Spanish Poetry
 Epigrams (Salawikain)
 Riddles (Bugtong) or Palaisipan, tigmo in Cebuano, paktaton
in Ilongo and patototdon in Bicol
 Chant (Bulong)
 Maxims
 Sayings (Kasabihan)
 Sawikain (Sayings)
ACTIVITY 1
DIRECTIONS: Given below are sample literary pieces. Explain each by providing real-life scenarios or
situations.
EXAMPLE: “May tainga ang lupa, may pakpak ang balita.” – mabilis magpasa o mapasalin-salin ang mga
balita kapag ito ay nakalabas sa bibigg ng tao, narinig ito sa tenga ng ibang tao. Mabilis malaman ng
publiko
THE MOON AND THE SUN
(Tingguian folk tale)
In the olden days, like the moon, the sun had also star children
which were yellowish in color, very
bright and very hot.
He star children of the moon,
however, were reddish and cool. That moon was scared hat his stars would wither and die if they play with
the star children of the sun.
The moon suggested to the sun that they kill their children who were crowding the heavens with their
number.
When the sun had killed her
children, the moon merely hid behind the clouds.
In the evening, when the clouds faded, the moon stars appeared.
This angered the sun so he gave chase to the moon. Thus when he
overtakes the moon, we have the so-called eclipse.
Every morning, the kills the moon stars that he catches.
Until now, this chase continues
and because the moon still continues.
Spanish Period (1565-1898
Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and
poetry and secular prose and poetry.
SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

 The first Filipino alphabet called ALIBATA was replaced by the Roman
alphabet.
 The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious
practices.
 The Spanish language which became the literary language
 During this time lent many of its words to our language.
 European legends and traditionsbrought here became
assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
THE FIRST BOOKS
 ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE). This

was the first book printed in the Philippines in 1593 in xylography.
 Nuestra Señora del Rosario. It contains the biographies of saints,
novenas, and questions and answers on religion.
 Libro de los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre (in Spanish and
Tagalog). This is the first book printed in typography.
 Ang Barlaan at Josephat. This is a Biblical story printed in the
Philippines and translated to Tagalog from Greek by Fr. Antonio de
Borja.
 The Pasion. This is the book about the life and sufferings of Jesus
Christ. It is read only during Lent. Urbana at Felisa.
FOLK SONGS
Folk songs became widespread in the Philippines.
Each region had its national song from the lowlands
to the mountains of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
They truly manifest the artistic feelings of the
Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate
appreciation for and love of beauty. The examples
are Leron-Leron Sinta, Pamulinawen, Dandansoy,
Sarong Banggi and Atin Cu Pung Sing- sing.
There are many recreational plays per-
formed by Filipinos during the Spanish
times. Almost all of them were in poetic
form.
RECREATIONAL PLAYS
 Tibag – The word tibag means to excavate. This ritual was brought here by the
Spaniard to remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the Cross on which
Jesus died.
 Lagaylay – This is a special occasion for the Pilareñ os of Sorsogon during Maytime to get
together.
 The Cenaculo – This is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of
Jesus Christ.
 Panunuluyan – This is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a
presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to
deliver the baby Jesus.
 The Salubong (or Panubong) - The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the
meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. It is still presented in many Philippine towns.
 Carillo (Shadow Play) – this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a
moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest.
 Zarzuela – considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama three
acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty,
avarice or some social or political problem.
RECREATIONAL PLAYS
 Sainete – this was a short musical comedy popular during the 18 th century. They were
exaggerated comedies shown between acts of long plays and were mostly performed by
characters from the lower classes. Themes were taken from everyday life scenarios.
 MORO-MORO. Like the Cenaculo, the Moro-moro is presented also on a special stage. This
is performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their
Christian religion.
 KARAGATAN. This is a poetic vehicle of a socio-religious nature celebrated during the
death of a person.
 DUPLO. The Duplo replaced the Karagatan. This is a poetic joust in speaking and
reasoning. The roles are taken from the Bible and from proverbs and saying. It is usually
played during wakes for the dead.
 BALAGTASAN. This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or
issue. This is replaced the DU- PLO and is held to honor Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar.
 THE DUNG-AW. This is a chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative
beside the corpse of the dead. No definite meter or rhyming scheme is used.
 AWIT and the CORRIDO. Some use these two interchangeably because distinction is not
clear.
Activity 2
Write a reflective essay highlighting the message of the excerpt of one of the
most famous literary pieces during Spanish time, Pasyon.
KASAYSAYAN NG PASYONG MAHAL NI HESUKRISTONG PANGINOON NATIN (COPYRIGHT

1949 BY IGNACIO LUNA & SONS)
Panalangin sa Diyos Oh Diyos sa kalangitan Hari ng sangkalupaan

Diyos na walang kapantay, mabait lubhang maalam at puno ng
karunungan.
Ikaw ang Amang tibobos ng nangungulilang lubos amang di matapus-
tapos,maawi't mapagkupkop sa taong lupa't alabok. Iyong itulot sa
amin Diyos Amang maawain mangyaring aming dalitin,
Period of Enlightenment
(1972- 1898)
• In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to

write about the hitch of colonization.
• The 300 years with Spaniards marked the longest colonial period in the Philippine
history. Due to the need to see new hope in the midst of multitude, the Filipino
spirit reawakened when the 3 priests Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were guillotined
without sufficient evidence of guilt.
• The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)
• This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like Jose
Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose
Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.
Activity 3
• DIRECTIONS: Make a gratitude letter addressed
to ilustrados indicating the importance of their
writings in the attainment of nation’s freedom
and in the development of Philippine literature.

21st PPT WK 1

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21st PPT WK 1

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Introduction

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the

EN12Lit-Ia-21 Identify geographic,

 Enumerate differences between and among

 Show appreciation of the early and

1. Jose Rizal’s works such as Noli Me Tangere and

news, reporting, poetry, stories plays, essays, and

Folk songs are one of the oldest forms

SPANISH INFLUENCES ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

 ANG DOCTRINA CRISTIANA (THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE). This

KASAYSAYAN NG PASYONG MAHAL NI HESUKRISTONG PANGINOON NATIN (COPYRIGHT

Panalangin sa Diyos Oh Diyos sa kalangitan Hari ng sangkalupaan

• In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to

• The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896)

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