PR1 Week 8

Prayer
Lord, we offer to you our class today.

We pray that through your Divine Guidance,
we would learn how to listen attentively to the inputs of our teacher. May we appreciate her effort in
imparting her knowledge to us.
May we participate actively in the discussions and activities, so we could learn more while having fun.
May we value each other’s contributions as a building block towards harmony and peace. Grant that
as we interact with one another, we recognize the fact that all our learning activities should be
accomplished for your greater glory.
Grant that we recognize YOU in each of our classmates and teachers.
We pray that you keep us safe from harm and illnesses.
And we would be able to apply correctly what we have learned from school.
All these we ask in your powerful name, Jesus Christ.
Amen.
Practical Research
1
REVIE
W
Learning from Others and
Reviewing the Literature
LESSON 10: Selecting and Synthesizing Information from Relevant Literature
LESSON 11: Plagiarism and Paraphrasing
LESSON 12: APA Citation Style

LESSON 10: Selecting and Synthesizing
Information from Relevant Literature
Learning Competency
• select relevant literature
• synthesize information
from relevant literature
Let us know!
Literature Review
As cited from Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania (2020)

• requires for a survey of scholarly articles, books, and
other sources which will later be enumerated,
summarized, and evaluated in order to form a concrete
basis and support for the current study
Purposes of Reviewing
Literature
The following are the purposes of literature review (University
of South Carolina Library, 2020):
1. It provides the researcher a clear understanding of the study to be
investigated.
2. It justifies the need for conducting the study.
3. It serves as the basis for establishing concepts presented in the study.
Selecting the Literature
for a Study
In selecting the literature for a study, the following questions should be
considered:
1. Can this literature help me clearly present the delimitation of my study?
2. Can this literature give me insights to present properly essential variables of
my study?
3. Is this literature up-to-date?
4. Does this literature provide perceptive and accurate results and conclusions?
5. Does this literature present contrasting ideas which can be used in
identifying research gaps?
Conducting a Review of
Literature
Boza (2015) of University of California presents six steps in conducting a
literature review. These steps are as follows:
1.Decide on the area of research.
PROBLEM RATIONALE SEARCH

Literature
Boza (2015) of University of California presents six steps in conducting a
literature review. These steps are as follows:
2. Search for the literature.
SEARCH
Literature
3. Find relevant excerpts in books and articles.
• Elementary reading - word-recognition type of reading
• Systematic reading - skimming strategy
• focus on the highlighted terms in the sample source
manuscript
• look into the title of the sample and see if similar
variables of the current study are presented
• Analytic reading – break the whole scholarly work into parts
• Comparative reading - considers two or more scholarly works
which will be analyzed for comparing-contrasting purposes
Literature
4. Code the literature. Themes can be categorized from the
similarities to the differences found among those relevant works
• Highlighting - uses marks and symbols that will help the
researcher to easily revisit the important ideas found in a
scholarly work
• Annotation - uses words, phrases, and sentences which
serve as written remarks of the researcher reflecting his/her
understanding and questions regarding the scholarly work
Literature
5. Create conceptual schema.
Researcher may utilize a
literature review synthesis
matrix. As cited from Ashford
University (2020), synthesis
matrix refers to a table used for
organizing important ideas
found in the literature.
Literature
6. Begin writing literature review. Begin the draft of the
manuscript for review of the related literature section.
LESSON 11 : Plagiarism and
Paraphrasing
Learning Competency
• cite related literature
using standard style
Plagiarism
• committed when you use words and ideas without
making credit to the person who formulated it,
making those words and ideas your own (Sulaiman,
2018)
Plagiarism
• “In the Philippines, plagiarism is the same as copyright and could be consider under the
cybercrime law of the Republic Act 10175, and according to the Department of Justice,
plagiarism is not a crime buts it is the same in copyright violation. Plagiarism has a
consequences or penalties for about six years of imprisonment, and a fine of fifty thousand to
one hundred fifty thousands pesos or equivalent to one two hundred dollars to three
thousands six hundred dollars” (Matcho, 2018) .
• Under Section 172.2 of Republic Ac t No. 8293, otherwise known as the Intellectual Property
Code ("IPC"), literary and artistic works "are protected by the sole fact of their creation,
irrespective of their mode or form of expression, as well as of their content, quality and
purpose". Such works refer to intellectual creations in the literary and artistic domains which
include all forms of creative expression - writings, musical and dramatic compositions,
drawings and illustrations, plans and sketches, pictures, computer programs and, in general, all
other "literary, scholarly, scientific and artistic works " [Section 172.1, IPC] including works
derived from them [Section 173, IPC]
Types of Plagiarism
1. Direct Plagiarism - committed when you copy word-for-word a
section of others’ works without quotation marks (Roig, 2002)
Example:
The stage of dialogue was the action of conversation. On this manner, the incident
was immediately addressed, and effects were identified.
This is the proper way of citing a direct quotation.

“The stage of dialogue was the action of conversation. On this manner, the incident
was immediately addressed, and effects were identified”
Types of Plagiarism
2. Self-Plagiarism. This plagiarism
is often committed when you mix your
previous works to produce new article
without proper citation and
permission to the teacher you
previously submitted the work
(Helgesson & Eriksson, 2014;
Plagiarism.org, 2011).
Types of Plagiarism
3. Mosaic Plagiarism. It is
committed when you take phrases
from a source without using
quotation marks or citation; thus,
you just find synonyms to the
authors’ words while keeping the
same though as it is in the original
(Roka, 2017).
Types of Plagiarism
4. Accidental Plagiarism. This is committed when unintentionally
neglected to cite a source or quoted by using similar words or
sentence structure. This can be avoided through responsible
writing and running your work in an initial plagiarism test
available in internet (Learning Services Writing Center, 2018).
LESSON 12 : APA Citation Style
Learning Competency
• cite related literature
using standard style
APA Style
• American Psychological Association (APA)

• used as an in-text citation and second, it is
used in reference citation
APA Style
• In-text citation with single author used in the beginning
Fernandez (2020), stressed that proper citation has to be observed among
novice researchers.
• In-text citation with single author used at the end
Proper usage of citation styles promotes integrity among novice researchers
(Fernandez, 2020).
• In-text citation with article title
In Fernandez’s (2020) article, “Plagiarism: Writers’ Crime”, stressed that proper

citation has to be observed among novice researchers.
APA Style
• In-text citation in the middle of the statement
Fernandez (2020) attested that citation can be used only at the
beginning and end of the sentence, whereas Munez (2020) claimed
otherwise.
Conduct of research enables novice researchers to deal on practical
aspect of education (Fernandez, 2020), as well as the theoretical
foundations of different philosophies.
APA Style
• In-text citation with three (3) authors (beginning)
Fernandez, Munez, and Valencia (2020), attested that citation can be
used only at the beginning and end of the statement.
• In-text citation with three (3) authors (end)

It was attested that citation can be used only at the beginning and end
of the statement (Fernandez, Munez, & Valencia, 2020).
Et al
• “Et al.” is a Latin term for “et alia” which means “and others”
• multiple authors
• Multipleauthorship is authorship composed of six (6) or more authors
• In-text citation with six (6) or more authors
Fernandez et al. (2020), attested that citation can be used only at the
beginning andend of the statement.
• In-text citation with six (6) authors (end)
It was attested that citation can be used only at the beginning and end
of the statement (Fernandez, et al., 2020).
APA Style
• Multiple entry with similar information
It was attested that citation can be used only at the beginning
and end of the statement (Fernandez, 2020; Munez, 2019; Valencia
& Montemayor, 2018).
• In-text citation already cited by an author
Montemayor as cited in Fernandez (2020) that citation can be
used only at the beginning and end of the statement.
• In-text citation using website article without author
“Man in need” (2020), eating healthy foods gives us more time
for our love ones.
Eating healthy foods gives us more time for our love ones (“Man
in need,” 2020).
APA Style
Reference Citation Style
1. Books
APA Style
1. Books
APA Style
1. Books
APA Style
Reference Citation
Style
2. Journal Articles
APA Style
Reference Citation
Style
2. Journal Articles
APA Style
Reference Citation
Style
3. Thesis and
Dissertation
APA Style
Reference Citation
Style
3. Thesis and
Dissertation
APA Style
Reference Citation
Style
4. Online Sources
References
K-12 Most Essential Learning Competencies pp. 566-567
https://www.discoverphds.com/blog/scope-and-delimitations
Labrador, Debbie S., Senina, Niljoy G., Tolentino, Roanne S.,

Hernandez, Joshua D., & Demerin, Jexter D. (2020). Practical
Research 1 – Alternative Delivery Mode. Quarter 3. SDO –
Bataan. Department of Education. pp. 2-8

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Prayer

Lord, we offer to you our class today.

LESSON 10: Selecting and Synthesizing Information from Relevant Literature

LESSON 11: Plagiarism and Paraphrasing

LESSON 12: APA Citation Style

As cited from Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania (2020)

PROBLEM RATIONALE SEARCH

This is the proper way of citing a direct quotation.

• American Psychological Association (APA)

In Fernandez’s (2020) article, “Plagiarism: Writers’ Crime”, stressed that proper

• In-text citation with three (3) authors (end)

Labrador, Debbie S., Senina, Niljoy G., Tolentino, Roanne S.,

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